European Video Atlas

home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
/ European Video Atlas / European Video Atlas.iso / data / databank / general / general.dat < prev next >
Unknown | 1995-04-03 | 244.6 KB
open in:
MacOS 8.1 |
Win98 |
DOS
view JSON data |
view as text

This file was not able to be converted.
This format is not currently supported by dexvert.
Confidence	Program	Detection	Match Type	Support
`1%`	dexvert	The Print Shop DAT `(archive/printShopDAT)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Microsoft Internet Explorer Cache `(archive/msieCache)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Norton Utilities Image FAT backup `(archive/nortonUtilitiesImageFATBackup)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Simis `(archive/simis)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	ORIC Tape Image `(archive/oricTape)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	PSM 2 compressed sound `(audio/psm2CompressedSound)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Electronic Arts Music format `(music/electronicArtsMusicFormat)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Magic Carpet Flic video `(video/magicCarpetFlicVideo)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	IRIT 3D model `(poly/irit3DModel)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Adventure Game Studio `(other/adventureGameStudio)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Boost Text serialization `(other/boostTextSerialization)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Bullfrog Object Data `(other/bullfrogObjectData)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	CCmF / Resource Composite File `(other/ccmfResourceCompositeFile)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	The Chessmaster classic games library `(other/chessmasterClassicGamesLibrary)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	The Chessmaster opening book `(other/chessmasterOpeningBook)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	The Chessmaster user settings `(other/chessmasterUserSettings)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Concurrent DOS Serial Terminal Configuration `(other/concurrentDOSSerialTerminalConfiguration)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Cubic Player archive cache `(other/cubicPlayerArchiveCache)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	DemoManiac Vectors `(other/demoManiacVectors)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Dr. Hardware Sysinfo `(other/drHardwareSysInfo)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Dr. Solomon's Antivirus messages `(other/drSolomonsAntivirusMessages)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Dune II Saved Game `(other/duneIISavedGame)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Full Tilt Pinball Data `(other/fullTiltPinballData)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	HPFS-Access DB `(other/hpfsAccessDB)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	ICU Data `(other/icuData)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	InfoComics game data `(other/infoComicsGameData)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Madden 2004 data file `(other/madden2004DataFile)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	McAfee AntiVirus data `(other/mcAfeeAntiVirusData)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	McAfee VirusScan data `(other/mcAfeeVirusScanData)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	McAfee VShield data `(other/mcAfeeVShieldData)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	MGPA-file game archive `(other/mgpaFileGameArchive)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	MSN/Windows Live Messenger Log file `(other/msnMessengerLogFile)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	NetShield configuration `(other/netShieldConfiguration)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	NetShield Virus Pattern Library `(other/netShieldVirusPattern)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Network Associates VirusScan data `(other/networkAssociatesVirusScanData)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Palm Desktop DateBook `(other/palmDesktopDateBook)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	PartoutResource Data `(other/partoutResourceData)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Pico-8 POD data archive `(other/pico8PODDataArchive)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	PSM 2 configuration `(other/psm2Configuration)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Radix game data `(other/radixGameData)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	7 Colors game data archive `(other/sevenColorsGameDataArchive)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	StarWriter configuration `(other/starWriterConfiguration)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	SuperProject graphics drivers `(other/superProjectGraphicsDrivers)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	The Norton AntiVirus Virus Signatures `(other/theNortonAntiVirusSignatures)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	3D-Pinball for Windows table Data `(other/threeDPinballTableData)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Thunderbyte AV `(other/thunderbyteAV)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Track Attack track Data `(other/trackAttackTrackData)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	TriTryst game Data `(other/triTrystGameData)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	YAB! Baseball game data `(other/yabBaseballGameData)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Abuse demo Data `(other/abuseDemoData)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	ANSI/INCIT 378 fingerprints format (gen) `(other/ansiINCIT378FingerprintsFormat)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	CaveStory save game `(other/caveStorySaveGame)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Centurion: Defender of Rome game data `(other/centurionDefenderOfRomeGameData)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	C++ Symbol Data `(other/cppSymbolDatai)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Cubic Player animation `(other/cubicPlayerAnimation)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Empire animation game Data `(other/empireAnimationGameData)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Gaze configuration `(other/gazeConfiguration)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	MirandaIM database-archive `(other/mirandaIMDatabaseArchive)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Norton Disk Doctor UnDo file `(other/nortonDiskDoctorUnDoFile)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	PLBM Games high scores `(other/plbmGamesHighScores)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Sea Graphics Viewer data `(other/seaGraphicsViewerData)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	StarForce protection container `(other/starForceProtectionContainer)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	Super Solvers: Gizmos and Gadgets! players `(other/superSolversGizmosGadgetsPlayers)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	TS Online modems definitions `(other/tSOnlineModemsDefinitions)`	ext	Unsupported
`1%`	dexvert	U.R.B.A.N The Cyborg Project game data `(other/urbanTheCyborgProjectGameData)`	ext	Unsupported
`100%`	file	data	default
`100%`	gt2	Kopftext: 'DESCH'	default (weak)
hex view
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
|00000000| 44 45 53 43 48 08 00 00 | 46 4c 44 49 24 00 00 00 |DESCH...|FLDI$...|
|00000010| 44 41 54 41 0c 00 00 00 | 00 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 |DATA....|........|
|00000020| 01 00 0a 00 4e 41 4d 45 | 08 00 00 00 3c 43 4c 41 |....NAME|....<CLA|
|00000030| 53 53 3e 00 46 4c 44 49 | 28 00 00 00 44 41 54 41 |SS>.FLDI|(...DATA|
|00000040| 0c 00 00 00 01 00 05 00 | 00 00 00 00 01 00 01 00 |........|........|
|00000050| 4e 41 4d 45 0b 00 00 00 | 3c 52 45 43 5f 54 59 50 |NAME....|<REC_TYP|
|00000060| 45 3e 00 00 46 4c 44 49 | 2c 00 00 00 44 41 54 41 |E>..FLDI|,...DATA|
|00000070| 0c 00 00 00 03 00 05 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 64 00 |........|......d.|
|00000080| 4e 41 4d 45 0f 00 00 00 | 3c 56 61 72 69 61 6e 74 |NAME....|<Variant|
|00000090| 5f 54 79 70 65 3e 00 00 | 46 4c 44 49 2c 00 00 00 |_Type>..|FLDI,...|
|000000a0| 44 41 54 41 0c 00 00 00 | 04 00 03 00 08 00 00 00 |DATA....|........|
|000000b0| 01 00 64 00 4e 41 4d 45 | 0f 00 00 00 3c 43 6f 75 |..d.NAME|....<Cou|
|000000c0| 6e 74 72 79 5f 43 6f 64 | 65 3e 00 00 46 4c 44 49 |ntry_Cod|e>..FLDI|
|000000d0| 2c 00 00 00 44 41 54 41 | 0c 00 00 00 05 00 05 00 |,...DATA|........|
|000000e0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 c8 00 | 4e 41 4d 45 10 00 00 00 |........|NAME....|
|000000f0| 3c 54 65 6d 70 6c 61 74 | 65 5f 49 6e 66 6f 3e 00 |<Templat|e_Info>.|
|00000100| 46 4c 44 49 2e 00 00 00 | 44 41 54 41 0c 00 00 00 |FLDI....|DATA....|
|00000110| 06 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 c8 00 4e 41 4d 45 |........|....NAME|
|00000120| 12 00 00 00 3c 53 75 62 | 53 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 5f |....<Sub|Section_|
|00000130| 49 6e 66 6f 3e 00 46 4c | 44 49 2a 00 00 00 44 41 |Info>.FL|DI*...DA|
|00000140| 54 41 0c 00 00 00 07 00 | 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |TA......|........|
|00000150| 01 00 4e 41 4d 45 0d 00 | 00 00 3c 44 75 6d 6d 79 |..NAME..|..<Dummy|
|00000160| 46 69 65 6c 64 3e 00 00 | 46 4c 44 49 2c 00 00 00 |Field>..|FLDI,...|
|00000170| 44 41 54 41 0c 00 00 00 | 09 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 |DATA....|........|
|00000180| 00 00 32 00 4e 41 4d 45 | 10 00 00 00 3c 46 69 65 |..2.NAME|....<Fie|
|00000190| 6c 64 5f 44 65 73 63 72 | 69 70 3e 00 46 4c 44 49 |ld_Descr|ip>.FLDI|
|000001a0| 2e 00 00 00 44 41 54 41 | 0c 00 00 00 0a 00 05 00 |....DATA|........|
|000001b0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 | 4e 41 4d 45 12 00 00 00 |........|NAME....|
|000001c0| 3c 43 6f 75 6e 74 72 79 | 5f 57 61 72 6e 69 6e 67 |<Country|_Warning|
|000001d0| 3e 00 46 4c 44 49 24 00 | 00 00 44 41 54 41 0c 00 |>.FLDI$.|..DATA..|
|000001e0| 00 00 14 00 05 00 00 00 | 00 00 01 00 01 00 4e 41 |........|......NA|
|000001f0| 4d 45 08 00 00 00 3c 54 | 69 74 6c 65 3e 00 46 4c |ME....<T|itle>.FL|
|00000200| 44 49 2a 00 00 00 44 41 | 54 41 0c 00 00 00 15 00 |DI*...DA|TA......|
|00000210| 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 0a 00 4e 41 4d 45 0d 00 |........|..NAME..|
|00000220| 00 00 3c 47 72 61 70 68 | 5f 49 6e 66 6f 3e 00 00 |..<Graph|_Info>..|
|00000230| 46 4c 44 49 28 00 00 00 | 44 41 54 41 0c 00 00 00 |FLDI(...|DATA....|
|00000240| 16 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 | 01 00 01 00 4e 41 4d 45 |........|....NAME|
|00000250| 0c 00 00 00 3c 44 61 74 | 61 5f 53 65 74 73 3e 00 |....<Dat|a_Sets>.|
|00000260| 46 4c 44 49 2a 00 00 00 | 44 41 54 41 0c 00 00 00 |FLDI*...|DATA....|
|00000270| 17 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 64 00 4e 41 4d 45 |........|..d.NAME|
|00000280| 0e 00 00 00 3c 43 6f 6c | 75 6d 6e 5f 4e 61 6d 65 |....<Col|umn_Name|
|00000290| 3e 00 46 4c 44 49 2a 00 | 00 00 44 41 54 41 0c 00 |>.FLDI*.|..DATA..|
|000002a0| 00 00 18 00 05 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 64 00 4e 41 |........|....d.NA|
|000002b0| 4d 45 0e 00 00 00 3c 43 | 6f 6c 75 6d 6e 5f 55 6e |ME....<C|olumn_Un|
|000002c0| 69 74 3e 00 46 4c 44 49 | 2c 00 00 00 44 41 54 41 |it>.FLDI|,...DATA|
|000002d0| 0c 00 00 00 19 00 05 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 64 00 |........|......d.|
|000002e0| 4e 41 4d 45 10 00 00 00 | 3c 43 6f 6c 75 6d 6e 5f |NAME....|<Column_|
|000002f0| 4c 65 67 65 6e 64 3e 00 | 46 4c 44 49 28 00 00 00 |Legend>.|FLDI(...|
|00000300| 44 41 54 41 0c 00 00 00 | 1a 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 |DATA....|........|
|00000310| 00 00 64 00 4e 41 4d 45 | 0b 00 00 00 3c 52 6f 77 |..d.NAME|....<Row|
|00000320| 5f 4e 61 6d 65 3e 00 00 | 46 4c 44 49 28 00 00 00 |_Name>..|FLDI(...|
|00000330| 44 41 54 41 0c 00 00 00 | 1b 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 |DATA....|........|
|00000340| 00 00 64 00 4e 41 4d 45 | 0b 00 00 00 3c 52 6f 77 |..d.NAME|....<Row|
|00000350| 5f 55 6e 69 74 3e 00 00 | 46 4c 44 49 2a 00 00 00 |_Unit>..|FLDI*...|
|00000360| 44 41 54 41 0c 00 00 00 | 1c 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 |DATA....|........|
|00000370| 00 00 64 00 4e 41 4d 45 | 0d 00 00 00 3c 52 6f 77 |..d.NAME|....<Row|
|00000380| 5f 4c 65 67 65 6e 64 3e | 00 00 46 4c 44 49 28 00 |_Legend>|..FLDI(.|
|00000390| 00 00 44 41 54 41 0c 00 | 00 00 1d 00 05 00 00 00 |..DATA..|........|
|000003a0| 00 00 00 00 0a 00 4e 41 | 4d 45 0c 00 00 00 3c 47 |......NA|ME....<G|
|000003b0| 72 61 70 68 5f 4b 65 79 | 3e 00 46 4c 44 49 2a 00 |raph_Key|>.FLDI*.|
|000003c0| 00 00 44 41 54 41 0c 00 | 00 00 28 00 05 00 00 00 |..DATA..|..(.....|
|000003d0| 00 00 00 00 c8 00 4e 41 | 4d 45 0d 00 00 00 3c 53 |......NA|ME....<S|
|000003e0| 74 72 69 6e 67 5f 53 65 | 74 3e 00 00 46 4c 44 49 |tring_Se|t>..FLDI|
|000003f0| 30 00 00 00 44 41 54 41 | 0c 00 00 00 78 00 05 00 |0...DATA|....x...|
|00000400| 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 | 4e 41 4d 45 14 00 00 00 |........|NAME....|
|00000410| 3c 43 61 70 69 74 61 6c | 5f 43 69 74 79 5f 4e 61 |<Capital|_City_Na|
|00000420| 6d 65 3e 00 46 4c 44 49 | 34 00 00 00 44 41 54 41 |me>.FLDI|4...DATA|
|00000430| 0c 00 00 00 7a 00 05 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 |....z...|........|
|00000440| 4e 41 4d 45 18 00 00 00 | 3c 43 6f 75 6e 74 72 79 |NAME....|<Country|
|00000450| 5f 43 75 72 72 65 6e 63 | 79 5f 4e 61 6d 65 3e 00 |_Currenc|y_Name>.|
|00000460| 46 4c 44 49 26 00 00 00 | 44 41 54 41 0c 00 00 00 |FLDI&...|DATA....|
|00000470| 7b 00 08 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 14 00 4e 41 4d 45 |{.......|....NAME|
|00000480| 0a 00 00 00 3c 48 69 73 | 74 6f 72 79 3e 00 46 4c |....<His|tory>.FL|
|00000490| 44 49 30 00 00 00 44 41 | 54 41 0c 00 00 00 7c 00 |DI0...DA|TA....|.|
|000004a0| 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 01 00 4e 41 4d 45 14 00 |........|..NAME..|
|000004b0| 00 00 3c 50 6f 70 75 6c | 61 74 69 6f 6e 5f 4e 75 |..<Popul|ation_Nu|
|000004c0| 6d 62 65 72 3e 00 46 4c | 44 49 32 00 00 00 44 41 |mber>.FL|DI2...DA|
|000004d0| 54 41 0c 00 00 00 7d 00 | 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |TA....}.|........|
|000004e0| 01 00 4e 41 4d 45 16 00 | 00 00 3c 50 6f 70 75 6c |..NAME..|..<Popul|
|000004f0| 61 74 69 6f 6e 5f 4e 75 | 6d 62 65 72 5f 59 3e 00 |ation_Nu|mber_Y>.|
|00000500| 46 4c 44 49 2c 00 00 00 | 44 41 54 41 0c 00 00 00 |FLDI,...|DATA....|
|00000510| 7e 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 0f 00 4e 41 4d 45 |~.......|....NAME|
|00000520| 10 00 00 00 3c 4c 61 6e | 67 75 61 67 65 5f 4e 61 |....<Lan|guage_Na|
|00000530| 6d 65 3e 00 46 4c 44 49 | 32 00 00 00 44 41 54 41 |me>.FLDI|2...DATA|
|00000540| 0c 00 00 00 7f 00 05 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 |........|........|
|00000550| 4e 41 4d 45 15 00 00 00 | 3c 43 6f 75 6e 74 72 79 |NAME....|<Country|
|00000560| 5f 53 68 6f 72 74 5f 4e | 61 6d 65 3e 00 00 46 4c |_Short_N|ame>..FL|
|00000570| 44 49 30 00 00 00 44 41 | 54 41 0c 00 00 00 80 00 |DI0...DA|TA......|
|00000580| 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 01 00 4e 41 4d 45 14 00 |........|..NAME..|
|00000590| 00 00 3c 43 6f 75 6e 74 | 72 79 5f 46 75 6c 6c 5f |..<Count|ry_Full_|
|000005a0| 4e 61 6d 65 3e 00 46 4c | 44 49 30 00 00 00 44 41 |Name>.FL|DI0...DA|
|000005b0| 54 41 0c 00 00 00 81 00 | 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |TA......|........|
|000005c0| 01 00 4e 41 4d 45 14 00 | 00 00 3c 45 63 6f 6e 6f |..NAME..|..<Econo|
|000005d0| 6d 69 63 5f 4f 76 65 72 | 76 69 65 77 3e 00 46 4c |mic_Over|view>.FL|
|000005e0| 44 49 32 00 00 00 44 41 | 54 41 0c 00 00 00 82 00 |DI2...DA|TA......|
|000005f0| 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 01 00 4e 41 4d 45 15 00 |........|..NAME..|
|00000600| 00 00 3c 50 6f 70 75 6c | 61 74 69 6f 6e 5f 44 65 |..<Popul|ation_De|
|00000610| 6e 73 69 74 79 3e 00 00 | 46 4c 44 49 2c 00 00 00 |nsity>..|FLDI,...|
|00000620| 44 41 54 41 0c 00 00 00 | 83 00 08 00 00 00 00 00 |DATA....|........|
|00000630| 00 00 01 00 4e 41 4d 45 | 0f 00 00 00 3c 43 6f 6e |....NAME|....<Con|
|00000640| 73 74 69 74 75 74 69 6f | 6e 3e 00 00 46 4c 44 49 |stitutio|n>..FLDI|
|00000650| 34 00 00 00 44 41 54 41 | 0c 00 00 00 84 00 05 00 |4...DATA|........|
|00000660| 00 00 00 00 00 00 1e 00 | 4e 41 4d 45 18 00 00 00 |........|NAME....|
|00000670| 3c 4e 61 74 75 72 61 6c | 5f 52 65 73 6f 75 72 63 |<Natural|_Resourc|
|00000680| 65 5f 4e 61 6d 65 3e 00 | 46 4c 44 49 2c 00 00 00 |e_Name>.|FLDI,...|
|00000690| 44 41 54 41 0c 00 00 00 | 85 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 |DATA....|........|
|000006a0| 00 00 01 00 4e 41 4d 45 | 0f 00 00 00 3c 43 6f 75 |....NAME|....<Cou|
|000006b0| 6e 74 72 79 5f 41 72 65 | 61 3e 00 00 46 4c 44 49 |ntry_Are|a>..FLDI|
|000006c0| 32 00 00 00 44 41 54 41 | 0c 00 00 00 86 00 05 00 |2...DATA|........|
|000006d0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 | 4e 41 4d 45 15 00 00 00 |........|NAME....|
|000006e0| 3c 43 6f 75 6e 74 72 79 | 5f 41 72 65 61 5f 55 6e |<Country|_Area_Un|
|000006f0| 69 74 73 3e 00 00 52 45 | 43 54 52 00 00 00 44 41 |its>..RE|CTR...DA|
|00000700| 54 41 02 00 00 00 00 00 | 4e 41 4d 45 0f 00 00 00 |TA......|NAME....|
|00000710| 3c 52 45 43 5f 44 41 54 | 41 49 4e 46 4f 3e 00 00 |<REC_DAT|AINFO>..|
|00000720| 46 4c 44 53 28 00 00 00 | 00 00 01 00 06 00 03 00 |FLDS(...|........|
|00000730| 04 00 78 00 7a 00 0a 00 | 7b 00 7c 00 7d 00 7e 00 |..x.z...|{.|.}.~.|
|00000740| 7f 00 80 00 81 00 82 00 | 83 00 84 00 85 00 86 00 |........|........|
|00000750| 52 45 43 54 42 00 00 00 | 44 41 54 41 02 00 00 00 |RECTB...|DATA....|
|00000760| 01 00 4e 41 4d 45 10 00 | 00 00 3c 52 45 43 5f 54 |..NAME..|..<REC_T|
|00000770| 41 42 4c 45 49 4e 46 4f | 3e 00 46 4c 44 53 18 00 |ABLEINFO|>.FLDS..|
|00000780| 00 00 00 00 01 00 14 00 | 15 00 1d 00 16 00 17 00 |........|........|
|00000790| 18 00 19 00 1a 00 1b 00 | 1c 00 52 45 43 54 34 00 |........|..RECT4.|
|000007a0| 00 00 44 41 54 41 02 00 | 00 00 02 00 4e 41 4d 45 |..DATA..|....NAME|
|000007b0| 11 00 00 00 3c 52 45 43 | 5f 54 41 42 4c 45 5f 44 |....<REC|_TABLE_D|
|000007c0| 41 54 41 3e 00 00 46 4c | 44 53 08 00 00 00 00 00 |ATA>..FL|DS......|
|000007d0| 01 00 04 00 28 00 52 45 | 43 54 36 00 00 00 44 41 |....(.RE|CT6...DA|
|000007e0| 54 41 02 00 00 00 03 00 | 4e 41 4d 45 13 00 00 00 |TA......|NAME....|
|000007f0| 3c 52 45 43 5f 54 45 4d | 50 4c 41 54 45 49 4e 46 |<REC_TEM|PLATEINF|
|00000800| 4f 3e 00 00 46 4c 44 53 | 08 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 |O>..FLDS|........|
|00000810| 07 00 05 00 52 45 43 54 | 34 00 00 00 44 41 54 41 |....RECT|4...DATA|
|00000820| 02 00 00 00 04 00 4e 41 | 4d 45 11 00 00 00 3c 52 |......NA|ME....<R|
|00000830| 45 43 5f 46 49 45 4c 44 | 5f 49 4e 46 4f 3e 00 00 |EC_FIELD|_INFO>..|
|00000840| 46 4c 44 53 08 00 00 00 | 00 00 01 00 07 00 09 00 |FLDS....|........|
|00000850| 44 41 54 41 1a ca 03 00 | 52 45 43 44 5f 21 00 00 |DATA....|RECD_!..|
|00000860| 00 00 59 00 00 00 62 00 | 00 00 a4 00 00 00 a6 00 |..Y...b.|........|
|00000870| 00 00 b0 00 00 00 c0 00 | 00 00 c9 00 00 00 cb 00 |........|........|
|00000880| 00 00 a3 18 00 00 af 18 | 00 00 b6 18 00 00 de 18 |........|........|
|00000890| 00 00 ee 18 00 00 09 19 | 00 00 74 1e 00 00 7c 1e |........|..t...|.|
|000008a0| 00 00 c2 20 00 00 4d 21 | 00 00 57 21 00 00 01 00 |... ..M!|..W!....|
|000008b0| 44 41 54 41 49 4e 46 4f | 00 44 41 54 41 49 4e 46 |DATAINFO|.DATAINF|
|000008c0| 4f 00 04 00 4f 76 65 72 | 76 69 65 77 2c 4f 56 45 |O...Over|view,OVE|
|000008d0| 52 56 49 45 57 00 48 69 | 73 74 6f 72 79 2c 48 49 |RVIEW.Hi|story,HI|
|000008e0| 53 54 4f 52 59 00 45 63 | 6f 6e 6f 6d 79 2c 45 43 |STORY.Ec|onomy,EC|
|000008f0| 4f 4e 4f 4d 59 00 50 65 | 6f 70 6c 65 2c 50 45 4f |ONOMY.Pe|ople,PEO|
|00000900| 50 4c 45 00 00 00 01 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 f0 3f |PLE.....|.......?|
|00000910| 01 00 57 61 73 68 69 6e | 67 74 6f 6e 20 44 43 00 |..Washin|gton DC.|
|00000920| 01 00 44 6f 6c 6c 61 72 | 00 00 00 09 00 42 65 66 |..Dollar|.....Bef|
|00000930| 6f 72 65 20 45 75 72 6f | 70 65 61 6e 20 63 6f 6c |ore Euro|pean col|
|00000940| 6f 6e 69 73 61 74 69 6f | 6e 20 41 6d 65 72 69 63 |onisatio|n Americ|
|00000950| 61 20 77 61 73 20 73 70 | 61 72 73 65 6c 79 20 70 |a was sp|arsely p|
|00000960| 6f 70 75 6c 61 74 65 64 | 20 62 79 20 49 6e 64 69 |opulated| by Indi|
|00000970| 61 6e 20 74 72 69 62 65 | 73 2e 20 54 68 65 73 65 |an tribe|s. These|
|00000980| 20 74 72 69 62 65 73 20 | 77 65 72 65 20 65 74 68 | tribes |were eth|
|00000990| 6e 69 63 61 6c 6c 79 20 | 64 69 76 65 72 73 65 20 |nically |diverse |
|000009a0| 61 6e 64 20 70 6f 6c 69 | 74 69 63 61 6c 6c 79 20 |and poli|tically |
|000009b0| 64 69 76 69 64 65 64 3b | 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 65 |divided;| their e|
|000009c0| 63 6f 6e 6f 6d 79 20 64 | 65 70 65 6e 64 65 64 20 |conomy d|epended |
|000009d0| 6f 6e 20 61 67 72 69 63 | 75 6c 74 75 72 65 20 61 |on agric|ulture a|
|000009e0| 6e 64 20 68 75 6e 74 69 | 6e 67 2e 20 54 68 6f 75 |nd hunti|ng. Thou|
|000009f0| 67 68 20 74 68 65 20 41 | 6d 65 72 69 63 61 6e 20 |gh the A|merican |
|00000a00| 63 6f 6e 74 69 6e 65 6e | 74 20 77 61 73 20 64 69 |continen|t was di|
|00000a10| 73 63 6f 76 65 72 65 64 | 20 62 79 20 43 6f 6c 75 |scovered| by Colu|
|00000a20| 6d 62 75 73 20 69 6e 20 | 31 34 39 32 2c 20 74 68 |mbus in |1492, th|
|00000a30| 65 20 45 61 73 74 65 72 | 6e 20 53 65 61 62 6f 61 |e Easter|n Seaboa|
|00000a40| 72 64 20 6f 66 20 4e 6f | 72 74 68 20 41 6d 65 72 |rd of No|rth Amer|
|00000a50| 69 63 61 20 64 69 64 20 | 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 67 69 |ica did |not begi|
|00000a60| 6e 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 | 63 6f 6c 6f 6e 69 73 65 |n to be |colonise|
|00000a70| 64 20 75 6e 74 69 6c 20 | 74 68 65 20 65 61 72 6c |d until |the earl|
|00000a80| 79 20 31 36 74 68 20 63 | 65 6e 74 75 72 79 2e 20 |y 16th c|entury. |
|00000a90| 43 6f 6c 6f 6e 69 73 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 77 61 73 |Colonisa|tion was|
|00000aa0| 20 69 6e 73 70 69 72 65 | 64 20 70 61 72 74 6c 79 | inspire|d partly|
|00000ab0| 20 62 79 20 72 65 6c 69 | 67 69 6f 75 73 20 70 65 | by reli|gious pe|
|00000ac0| 72 73 65 63 75 74 69 6f | 6e 20 69 6e 20 42 72 69 |rsecutio|n in Bri|
|00000ad0| 74 61 69 6e 2c 20 61 6e | 64 20 70 61 72 74 6c 79 |tain, an|d partly|
|00000ae0| 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 | 64 65 73 69 72 65 20 66 | by the |desire f|
|00000af0| 6f 72 20 66 69 6e 61 6e | 63 69 61 6c 20 72 65 77 |or finan|cial rew|
|00000b00| 61 72 64 2e 20 54 68 65 | 20 69 6e 66 6c 75 65 6e |ard. The| influen|
|00000b10| 63 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 42 72 69 74 69 73 |ce of th|e Britis|
|00000b20| 68 20 67 6f 76 65 72 6e | 6d 65 6e 74 20 6f 6e 20 |h govern|ment on |
|00000b30| 74 68 69 73 20 70 72 6f | 63 65 73 73 20 77 61 73 |this pro|cess was|
|00000b40| 20 76 65 72 79 20 73 6c | 69 67 68 74 2e 0a 00 54 | very sl|ight...T|
|00000b50| 68 69 73 20 70 6f 6c 69 | 63 79 20 6f 66 20 6f 66 |his poli|cy of of|
|00000b60| 66 69 63 69 61 6c 20 69 | 6e 64 69 66 66 65 72 65 |ficial i|ndiffere|
|00000b70| 6e 63 65 20 63 6f 6e 74 | 69 6e 75 65 64 20 75 6e |nce cont|inued un|
|00000b80| 74 69 6c 20 74 68 65 20 | 53 65 76 65 6e 20 59 65 |til the |Seven Ye|
|00000b90| 61 72 73 27 20 57 61 72 | 20 28 31 37 35 33 2d 36 |ars' War| (1753-6|
|00000ba0| 33 29 2c 20 77 68 65 6e | 20 42 72 69 74 61 69 6e |3), when| Britain|
|00000bb0| 20 73 75 63 63 65 73 73 | 66 75 6c 6c 79 20 70 75 | success|fully pu|
|00000bc0| 72 73 75 65 64 20 61 20 | 77 61 72 20 61 67 61 69 |rsued a |war agai|
|00000bd0| 6e 73 74 20 74 68 65 20 | 46 72 65 6e 63 68 20 43 |nst the |French C|
|00000be0| 61 6e 61 64 69 61 6e 73 | 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 |anadians| and the|
|00000bf0| 69 72 20 49 6e 64 69 61 | 6e 20 61 6c 6c 69 65 73 |ir India|n allies|
|00000c00| 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 73 6f | 75 67 68 74 20 74 6f 20 |, and so|ught to |
|00000c10| 61 6d 6f 72 74 69 73 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 6c 61 72 |amortise| the lar|
|00000c20| 67 65 20 63 6f 73 74 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 69 73 20 |ge cost |of this |
|00000c30| 77 61 72 20 62 79 20 74 | 61 78 69 6e 67 20 74 68 |war by t|axing th|
|00000c40| 65 20 63 6f 6c 6f 6e 69 | 61 6c 73 2e 20 54 68 65 |e coloni|als. The|
|00000c50| 73 65 20 74 61 78 65 73 | 20 77 65 72 65 20 75 6e |se taxes| were un|
|00000c60| 70 6f 70 75 6c 61 72 2c | 20 61 6e 64 20 62 65 69 |popular,| and bei|
|00000c70| 6e 67 20 63 6f 6d 70 6f | 75 6e 64 65 64 20 62 79 |ng compo|unded by|
|00000c80| 20 42 72 69 74 69 73 68 | 20 6f 76 65 72 72 65 61 | British| overrea|
|00000c90| 63 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 6c | 65 61 64 20 74 6f 20 74 |ction, l|ead to t|
|00000ca0| 68 65 20 66 6f 72 6d 65 | 72 6c 79 20 70 6f 6c 69 |he forme|rly poli|
|00000cb0| 74 69 63 61 6c 6c 79 20 | 64 69 76 69 64 65 64 20 |tically |divided |
|00000cc0| 63 6f 6c 6f 6e 69 65 73 | 20 75 6e 69 74 69 6e 67 |colonies| uniting|
|00000cd0| 20 61 67 61 69 6e 73 74 | 20 74 68 65 20 42 72 69 | against| the Bri|
|00000ce0| 74 69 73 68 20 61 74 20 | 74 68 65 20 43 6f 6e 74 |tish at |the Cont|
|00000cf0| 69 6e 65 6e 74 61 6c 20 | 43 6f 6e 67 72 65 73 73 |inental |Congress|
|00000d00| 73 20 28 31 37 37 34 29 | 2e 20 46 69 67 68 74 69 |s (1774)|. Fighti|
|00000d10| 6e 67 20 73 74 61 72 74 | 65 64 20 73 68 6f 72 74 |ng start|ed short|
|00000d20| 6c 79 3a 20 61 66 74 65 | 72 20 61 20 6e 75 6d 62 |ly: afte|r a numb|
|00000d30| 65 72 20 6f 66 20 62 61 | 74 74 6c 65 73 20 61 20 |er of ba|ttles a |
|00000d40| 70 6f 6c 69 74 63 61 6c | 20 63 6f 6d 70 72 6f 6d |politcal| comprom|
|00000d50| 69 73 65 20 73 65 65 6d | 65 64 20 69 6d 70 6f 73 |ise seem|ed impos|
|00000d60| 73 69 62 6c 65 2c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 44 |sible, a|nd the D|
|00000d70| 65 63 6c 61 72 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 49 6e |eclarati|on of In|
|00000d80| 64 65 70 65 6e 64 65 6e | 63 65 20 77 61 73 20 73 |dependen|ce was s|
|00000d90| 69 67 6e 65 64 20 62 79 | 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6c |igned by| the col|
|00000da0| 6f 6e 69 65 73 20 69 6e | 20 31 37 37 36 2e 20 49 |onies in| 1776. I|
|00000db0| 6e 20 31 37 38 31 2c 20 | 74 68 65 20 77 61 72 20 |n 1781, |the war |
|00000dc0| 65 66 66 65 63 74 69 76 | 65 6c 79 20 65 6e 64 65 |effectiv|ely ende|
|00000dd0| 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 | 68 65 20 42 72 69 74 69 |d with t|he Briti|
|00000de0| 73 68 20 64 65 66 65 61 | 74 20 61 74 20 59 6f 72 |sh defea|t at Yor|
|00000df0| 6b 74 6f 77 6e 20 28 31 | 37 38 31 29 2e 20 54 68 |ktown (1|781). Th|
|00000e00| 65 20 69 6e 64 65 70 65 | 6e 64 65 6e 63 65 20 6f |e indepe|ndence o|
|00000e10| 66 20 74 68 65 20 55 6e | 69 74 65 64 20 53 74 61 |f the Un|ited Sta|
|00000e20| 74 65 73 20 77 61 73 20 | 72 65 63 6f 67 6e 69 73 |tes was |recognis|
|00000e30| 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 68 | 65 20 42 72 69 74 69 73 |ed by th|e Britis|
|00000e40| 68 20 73 6f 6f 6e 20 61 | 66 74 65 72 77 61 72 64 |h soon a|fterward|
|00000e50| 73 20 28 31 37 38 33 29 | 2e 0a 00 54 68 65 20 70 |s (1783)|...The p|
|00000e60| 72 65 76 69 6f 75 73 2c | 20 6c 6f 6f 73 65 6c 79 |revious,| loosely|
|00000e70| 2d 62 69 6e 64 69 6e 67 | 20 41 72 74 69 63 6c 65 |-binding| Article|
|00000e80| 73 20 6f 66 20 43 6f 6e | 66 65 64 65 72 61 74 69 |s of Con|federati|
|00000e90| 6f 6e 20 28 31 37 37 37 | 29 20 77 65 72 65 20 69 |on (1777|) were i|
|00000ea0| 6e 61 64 65 71 75 61 74 | 65 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 |nadequat|e for th|
|00000eb0| 65 20 70 75 72 70 6f 73 | 65 20 6f 66 20 64 65 66 |e purpos|e of def|
|00000ec0| 65 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 74 | 68 65 20 63 6f 6c 6f 6e |ending t|he colon|
|00000ed0| 69 65 73 20 66 72 6f 6d | 20 46 72 65 6e 63 68 20 |ies from| French |
|00000ee0| 61 6e 64 20 53 70 61 6e | 69 73 68 20 69 6e 66 6c |and Span|ish infl|
|00000ef0| 75 65 6e 63 65 2c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 66 6f 72 20 72 |uence, a|nd for r|
|00000f00| 65 70 61 79 69 6e 67 20 | 74 68 65 20 77 61 72 20 |epaying |the war |
|00000f10| 64 65 62 74 2e 20 41 20 | 63 6f 6e 73 74 69 74 75 |debt. A |constitu|
|00000f20| 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 63 | 6f 6e 76 65 6e 74 69 6f |tional c|onventio|
|00000f30| 6e 20 69 6e 20 50 68 69 | 6c 61 64 65 6c 70 68 69 |n in Phi|ladelphi|
|00000f40| 61 20 61 67 72 65 65 64 | 20 74 6f 20 73 74 72 65 |a agreed| to stre|
|00000f50| 6e 67 74 68 65 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 66 65 64 65 72 |ngthen t|he feder|
|00000f60| 61 6c 20 67 6f 76 65 72 | 6e 6d 65 6e 74 2c 20 61 |al gover|nment, a|
|00000f70| 6e 64 20 64 72 65 77 20 | 75 70 20 74 68 65 20 41 |nd drew |up the A|
|00000f80| 6d 65 72 69 63 61 6e 20 | 43 6f 6e 73 74 69 74 75 |merican |Constitu|
|00000f90| 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 | 31 37 38 38 2e 20 41 6d |tion in |1788. Am|
|00000fa0| 6f 6e 67 20 6f 74 68 65 | 72 20 74 68 69 6e 67 73 |ong othe|r things|
|00000fb0| 2c 20 69 74 20 70 72 6f | 76 69 64 65 64 20 66 6f |, it pro|vided fo|
|00000fc0| 72 20 61 20 64 69 72 65 | 63 74 6c 79 20 65 6c 65 |r a dire|ctly ele|
|00000fd0| 63 74 65 64 20 70 72 65 | 73 69 64 65 6e 74 2c 20 |cted pre|sident, |
|00000fe0| 61 6e 64 20 69 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 |and in t|he same |
|00000ff0| 79 65 61 72 2c 20 47 65 | 6f 72 67 65 20 57 61 73 |year, Ge|orge Was|
|00001000| 68 69 6e 67 74 6f 6e 20 | 74 6f 6f 6b 20 6f 66 66 |hington |took off|
|00001010| 69 63 65 2e 20 54 68 65 | 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 74 |ice. The| first t|
|00001020| 65 6e 20 61 6d 65 6e 64 | 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 74 6f |en amend|ments to|
|00001030| 20 74 68 65 20 43 6f 6e | 73 74 69 74 75 74 69 6f | the Con|stitutio|
|00001040| 6e 20 28 6b 6e 6f 77 6e | 20 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 |n (known| as the |
|00001050| 42 69 6c 6c 20 6f 66 20 | 52 69 67 68 74 73 29 20 |Bill of |Rights) |
|00001060| 77 65 72 65 20 70 61 73 | 73 65 64 20 62 79 20 43 |were pas|sed by C|
|00001070| 6f 6e 67 72 65 73 73 20 | 69 6e 20 31 37 39 31 20 |ongress |in 1791 |
|00001080| 61 6e 64 20 73 74 72 65 | 6e 67 74 68 65 6e 65 64 |and stre|ngthened|
|00001090| 20 74 68 65 20 64 65 6d | 6f 63 72 61 74 69 63 20 | the dem|ocratic |
|000010a0| 6e 61 74 75 72 65 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 66 65 |nature o|f the fe|
|000010b0| 64 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e | 2e 20 54 68 65 20 69 6e |deration|. The in|
|000010c0| 69 74 69 61 6c 20 31 33 | 20 73 74 61 74 65 73 20 |itial 13| states |
|000010d0| 73 74 65 61 64 69 6c 79 | 20 69 6e 63 72 65 61 73 |steadily| increas|
|000010e0| 65 64 20 74 6f 20 74 68 | 65 20 70 72 65 73 65 6e |ed to th|e presen|
|000010f0| 74 20 35 30 20 62 79 20 | 61 20 6d 69 78 74 75 72 |t 50 by |a mixtur|
|00001100| 65 20 6f 66 20 77 61 72 | 20 28 65 2e 67 2e 20 41 |e of war| (e.g. A|
|00001110| 72 69 7a 6f 6e 61 20 66 | 72 6f 6d 20 4d 65 78 69 |rizona f|rom Mexi|
|00001120| 63 6f 29 2c 20 70 75 72 | 63 68 61 73 65 20 28 65 |co), pur|chase (e|
|00001130| 2e 67 2e 20 41 6c 61 73 | 6b 61 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 |.g. Alas|ka from |
|00001140| 52 75 73 73 69 61 29 20 | 61 6e 64 20 76 6f 6c 75 |Russia) |and volu|
|00001150| 6e 74 61 72 79 20 61 63 | 63 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 |ntary ac|cession |
|00001160| 28 65 2e 67 2e 20 54 65 | 78 61 73 29 2e 20 54 68 |(e.g. Te|xas). Th|
|00001170| 69 73 20 72 75 74 68 6c | 65 73 73 20 70 75 72 73 |is ruthl|ess purs|
|00001180| 75 69 74 20 6f 66 20 74 | 65 72 72 69 74 6f 72 79 |uit of t|erritory|
|00001190| 20 69 6e 65 76 69 74 61 | 62 6c 79 20 6d 65 61 6e | inevita|bly mean|
|000011a0| 74 20 65 6e 63 72 6f 61 | 63 68 69 6e 67 20 6f 6e |t encroa|ching on|
|000011b0| 20 6e 61 74 69 76 65 20 | 49 6e 64 69 61 6e 20 74 | native |Indian t|
|000011c0| 72 69 62 65 73 3a 20 61 | 20 73 65 72 69 65 73 20 |ribes: a| series |
|000011d0| 6f 66 20 77 61 72 73 20 | 61 6e 64 20 62 72 6f 6b |of wars |and brok|
|000011e0| 65 6e 20 74 72 65 61 74 | 69 65 73 20 6c 65 61 64 |en treat|ies lead|
|000011f0| 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 69 | 72 20 65 6d 61 73 63 75 | to thei|r emascu|
|00001200| 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 | 61 6e 64 20 6f 66 74 65 |lation, |and ofte|
|00001210| 6e 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 | 69 72 20 64 69 73 61 70 |n to the|ir disap|
|00001220| 70 65 61 72 61 6e 63 65 | 2e 20 4d 69 6c 69 74 61 |pearance|. Milita|
|00001230| 72 79 20 64 65 66 69 61 | 6e 63 65 20 65 6e 64 65 |ry defia|nce ende|
|00001240| 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 | 68 65 20 47 68 6f 73 74 |d with t|he Ghost|
|00001250| 20 44 61 6e 63 65 20 55 | 70 72 69 73 69 6e 67 20 | Dance U|prising |
|00001260| 28 31 38 39 30 29 20 61 | 6e 64 20 6e 6f 77 20 49 |(1890) a|nd now I|
|00001270| 6e 64 69 61 6e 20 74 65 | 72 72 69 74 6f 72 79 20 |ndian te|rritory |
|00001280| 69 73 20 6c 69 6d 69 74 | 65 64 20 74 6f 20 61 20 |is limit|ed to a |
|00001290| 73 70 65 63 69 66 69 63 | 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 |specific| number |
|000012a0| 6f 66 20 72 65 73 65 72 | 76 65 73 2c 20 77 68 69 |of reser|ves, whi|
|000012b0| 63 68 20 68 61 76 65 20 | 73 6f 6d 65 20 64 65 67 |ch have |some deg|
|000012c0| 72 65 65 20 6f 66 20 61 | 75 74 6f 6e 6f 6d 79 2e |ree of a|utonomy.|
|000012d0| 0a 00 54 68 65 20 55 6e | 69 74 65 64 20 53 74 61 |..The Un|ited Sta|
|000012e0| 74 65 73 20 65 78 70 65 | 72 69 65 6e 63 65 64 20 |tes expe|rienced |
|000012f0| 69 74 73 20 69 6e 64 75 | 73 74 72 69 61 6c 20 72 |its indu|strial r|
|00001300| 65 76 6f 6c 75 74 69 6f | 6e 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 |evolutio|n in the|
|00001310| 20 31 39 74 68 20 63 65 | 6e 74 75 72 79 2e 20 49 | 19th ce|ntury. I|
|00001320| 6e 64 75 73 74 72 79 20 | 61 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 |ndustry |at that |
|00001330| 74 69 6d 65 20 77 61 73 | 20 6d 61 69 6e 6c 79 20 |time was| mainly |
|00001340| 63 6f 6e 63 65 6e 74 72 | 61 74 65 64 20 69 6e 20 |concentr|ated in |
|00001350| 74 68 65 20 6e 6f 72 74 | 68 2d 65 61 73 74 2e 20 |the nort|h-east. |
|00001360| 42 79 20 74 68 65 20 31 | 38 35 30 73 2c 20 73 6c |By the 1|850s, sl|
|00001370| 61 76 65 72 79 20 68 61 | 64 20 62 65 63 6f 6d 65 |avery ha|d become|
|00001380| 20 6d 6f 72 61 6c 6c 79 | 20 75 6e 61 63 63 65 70 | morally| unaccep|
|00001390| 74 61 62 6c 65 20 74 6f | 20 6e 6f 72 74 68 65 72 |table to| norther|
|000013a0| 6e 65 72 73 2e 20 57 68 | 65 6e 20 41 62 72 61 68 |ners. Wh|en Abrah|
|000013b0| 61 6d 20 4c 69 6e 63 6f | 6c 6e 20 77 61 73 20 65 |am Linco|ln was e|
|000013c0| 6c 65 63 74 65 64 20 70 | 72 65 73 69 64 65 6e 74 |lected p|resident|
|000013d0| 2c 20 74 68 65 20 73 6f | 75 74 68 65 72 6e 20 53 |, the so|uthern S|
|000013e0| 74 61 74 65 73 20 77 68 | 6f 20 68 61 64 20 73 75 |tates wh|o had su|
|000013f0| 63 63 65 64 65 64 20 69 | 6e 20 65 73 63 61 70 69 |cceded i|n escapi|
|00001400| 6e 67 20 61 6e 74 69 2d | 73 6c 61 76 65 72 79 20 |ng anti-|slavery |
|00001410| 6c 65 67 69 73 6c 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 2c 20 75 6e 69 |legislat|ion, uni|
|00001420| 74 65 64 20 74 6f 20 66 | 6f 72 6d 20 74 68 65 20 |ted to f|orm the |
|00001430| 43 6f 6e 66 65 64 65 72 | 61 74 65 20 53 74 61 74 |Confeder|ate Stat|
|00001440| 65 73 20 6f 66 20 41 6d | 65 72 69 63 61 20 28 31 |es of Am|erica (1|
|00001450| 38 36 31 29 2e 20 54 68 | 65 20 43 69 76 69 6c 20 |861). Th|e Civil |
|00001460| 57 61 72 20 66 6f 6c 6c | 6f 77 65 64 2c 20 63 61 |War foll|owed, ca|
|00001470| 75 73 69 6e 67 20 77 69 | 64 65 73 70 72 65 61 64 |using wi|despread|
|00001480| 20 65 63 6f 6e 6f 6d 69 | 63 20 64 61 6d 61 67 65 | economi|c damage|
|00001490| 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 53 6f 75 74 68 20 61 6e | in the |South an|
|000014a0| 64 20 61 20 6c 61 72 67 | 65 20 6c 6f 73 73 20 6f |d a larg|e loss o|
|000014b0| 66 20 6c 69 66 65 20 6f | 6e 20 62 6f 74 68 20 73 |f life o|n both s|
|000014c0| 69 64 65 73 2e 20 54 68 | 65 20 43 6f 6e 66 65 64 |ides. Th|e Confed|
|000014d0| 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 73 75 72 72 65 6e 64 65 |eration |surrende|
|000014e0| 72 65 64 20 69 6e 20 31 | 38 36 35 20 61 6e 64 20 |red in 1|865 and |
|000014f0| 73 6c 61 76 65 72 79 20 | 77 61 73 20 66 6f 72 6d |slavery |was form|
|00001500| 61 6c 6c 79 20 61 62 6f | 6c 69 73 68 65 64 20 69 |ally abo|lished i|
|00001510| 6e 20 31 38 36 36 2e 20 | 49 6e 20 66 61 63 74 2c |n 1866. |In fact,|
|00001520| 20 6f 66 66 69 63 69 61 | 6c 20 72 61 63 69 61 6c | officia|l racial|
|00001530| 20 73 65 67 72 65 67 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 6e 64 | segrega|tion and|
|00001540| 20 64 69 73 63 72 69 6d | 69 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | discrim|ination |
|00001550| 63 6f 6e 74 69 6e 75 65 | 64 20 77 65 6c 6c 20 69 |continue|d well i|
|00001560| 6e 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 | 6e 65 78 74 20 63 65 6e |nto the |next cen|
|00001570| 74 75 72 79 2c 20 75 6e | 74 69 6c 20 63 69 76 69 |tury, un|til civi|
|00001580| 6c 20 64 69 73 6f 62 65 | 64 69 61 6e 63 65 20 61 |l disobe|diance a|
|00001590| 6e 64 20 6f 74 68 65 72 | 20 63 61 6d 70 61 69 67 |nd other| campaig|
|000015a0| 6e 73 20 72 65 73 75 6c | 74 65 64 20 69 6e 20 74 |ns resul|ted in t|
|000015b0| 68 65 20 43 69 76 69 6c | 20 52 69 67 68 74 73 20 |he Civil| Rights |
|000015c0| 41 63 74 20 28 31 39 36 | 34 29 2e 0a 00 50 6f 6c |Act (196|4)...Pol|
|000015d0| 69 74 69 63 61 6c 20 61 | 74 74 65 6e 74 69 6f 6e |itical a|ttention|
|000015e0| 20 77 61 73 20 66 6f 63 | 75 73 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 | was foc|used on |
|000015f0| 65 63 6f 6e 6f 6d 69 63 | 20 64 65 76 65 6c 6f 70 |economic| develop|
|00001600| 6d 65 6e 74 2c 20 61 6e | 64 20 69 74 20 77 61 73 |ment, an|d it was|
|00001610| 20 6e 6f 74 20 75 6e 74 | 69 6c 20 74 68 65 20 53 | not unt|il the S|
|00001620| 70 61 6e 69 73 68 2d 41 | 6d 65 72 69 63 61 6e 20 |panish-A|merican |
|00001630| 57 61 72 20 69 6e 20 31 | 38 39 38 20 74 68 61 74 |War in 1|898 that|
|00001640| 20 74 68 65 20 55 53 20 | 65 6e 67 61 67 65 64 20 | the US |engaged |
|00001650| 61 63 74 69 76 65 6c 79 | 20 69 6e 20 66 6f 72 65 |actively| in fore|
|00001660| 69 67 6e 20 70 6f 6c 69 | 63 79 2e 20 49 74 73 20 |ign poli|cy. Its |
|00001670| 69 6e 66 6c 75 65 6e 63 | 65 20 73 70 72 65 61 64 |influenc|e spread|
|00001680| 20 74 68 72 6f 75 67 68 | 6f 75 74 20 74 68 65 20 | through|out the |
|00001690| 43 61 72 69 62 62 65 61 | 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 50 61 |Caribbea|n and Pa|
|000016a0| 63 69 66 69 63 2c 20 65 | 2e 67 2e 20 77 69 74 68 |cific, e|.g. with|
|000016b0| 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6e | 74 72 6f 6c 20 6f 66 20 | the con|trol of |
|000016c0| 74 68 65 20 50 68 69 6c | 69 70 70 69 6e 65 73 2e |the Phil|ippines.|
|000016d0| 20 41 74 20 74 68 65 20 | 73 74 61 72 74 20 6f 66 | At the |start of|
|000016e0| 20 57 6f 72 6c 64 20 57 | 61 72 20 49 20 74 68 65 | World W|ar I the|
|000016f0| 20 55 53 41 20 61 64 6f | 70 74 65 64 20 61 20 6e | USA ado|pted a n|
|00001700| 65 75 74 72 61 6c 20 73 | 74 61 6e 63 65 2c 20 62 |eutral s|tance, b|
|00001710| 75 74 20 77 68 65 6e 20 | 47 65 72 6d 61 6e 20 73 |ut when |German s|
|00001720| 75 62 6d 61 72 69 6e 65 | 73 20 73 74 61 72 74 65 |ubmarine|s starte|
|00001730| 64 20 73 69 6e 6b 69 6e | 67 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 |d sinkin|g their |
|00001740| 73 68 69 70 73 2c 20 69 | 6e 20 70 61 72 74 69 63 |ships, i|n partic|
|00001750| 75 6c 61 72 20 48 4d 53 | 20 4c 69 74 68 75 61 6e |ular HMS| Lithuan|
|00001760| 69 61 2c 20 69 74 20 6a | 6f 69 6e 65 64 20 74 68 |ia, it j|oined th|
|00001770| 65 20 41 6c 6c 69 65 73 | 20 69 6e 20 31 39 31 37 |e Allies| in 1917|
|00001780| 2e 20 44 65 73 70 69 74 | 65 20 73 74 72 6f 6e 67 |. Despit|e strong|
|00001790| 20 69 73 6f 6c 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 69 73 74 20 73 65 | isolati|onist se|
|000017a0| 6e 74 69 6d 65 6e 74 73 | 2c 20 69 74 20 61 6c 73 |ntiments|, it als|
|000017b0| 6f 20 70 6c 61 79 65 64 | 20 61 20 6d 61 6a 6f 72 |o played| a major|
|000017c0| 20 72 6f 6c 65 20 69 6e | 20 69 6d 6d 65 64 69 61 | role in| immedia|
|000017d0| 74 65 20 70 6f 73 74 2d | 77 61 72 20 69 6e 74 65 |te post-|war inte|
|000017e0| 72 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 61 | 6c 20 64 69 70 6c 6f 6d |rnationa|l diplom|
|000017f0| 61 63 79 2c 20 75 6e 74 | 69 6c 20 74 68 65 20 64 |acy, unt|il the d|
|00001800| 65 66 65 61 74 20 6f 66 | 20 57 69 6c 73 6f 6e 20 |efeat of| Wilson |
|00001810| 69 6e 20 31 39 32 31 2e | 0a 00 54 68 65 20 65 63 |in 1921.|..The ec|
|00001820| 6f 6e 6f 6d 79 20 67 72 | 65 77 20 72 61 70 69 64 |onomy gr|ew rapid|
|00001830| 6c 79 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 65 20 31 39 32 30 73 2c |ly in th|e 1920s,|
|00001840| 20 75 6e 74 69 6c 20 74 | 68 65 20 57 61 6c 6c 20 | until t|he Wall |
|00001850| 53 74 72 65 65 74 20 43 | 72 61 73 68 20 69 6e 20 |Street C|rash in |
|00001860| 31 39 32 39 2e 20 54 68 | 69 73 20 73 70 61 72 6b |1929. Th|is spark|
|00001870| 65 64 20 6f 66 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 44 65 70 72 65 |ed off t|he Depre|
|00001880| 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 77 68 | 69 63 68 20 77 61 73 20 |ssion wh|ich was |
|00001890| 74 6f 20 68 61 76 65 20 | 73 65 76 65 72 65 20 73 |to have |severe s|
|000018a0| 6f 63 69 61 6c 20 65 66 | 66 65 63 74 73 20 75 6e |ocial ef|fects un|
|000018b0| 74 69 6c 20 57 6f 72 6c | 64 20 57 61 72 20 49 49 |til Worl|d War II|
|000018c0| 20 62 72 6f 75 67 68 74 | 20 69 74 20 74 6f 20 61 | brought| it to a|
|000018d0| 6e 20 65 6e 64 2e 20 54 | 68 65 20 44 65 70 72 65 |n end. T|he Depre|
|000018e0| 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 77 61 | 73 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 |ssion wa|s one of|
|000018f0| 20 74 68 65 20 66 61 63 | 74 6f 72 73 20 69 6e 20 | the fac|tors in |
|00001900| 74 68 65 20 65 6c 65 63 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 |the elec|tion of |
|00001910| 74 68 65 20 44 65 6d 6f | 63 72 61 74 20 46 72 61 |the Demo|crat Fra|
|00001920| 6e 6b 6c 69 6e 20 52 6f | 6f 73 65 76 65 6c 74 20 |nklin Ro|osevelt |
|00001930| 69 6e 20 31 39 33 33 20 | 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 |in 1933 |and the |
|00001940| 64 65 76 65 6c 6f 70 6d | 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 74 |developm|ent of t|
|00001950| 68 65 20 73 6f 63 69 61 | 6c 20 61 6e 64 20 65 63 |he socia|l and ec|
|00001960| 6f 6e 6f 6d 69 63 20 70 | 61 63 6b 61 67 65 2c 20 |onomic p|ackage, |
|00001970| 63 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 74 | 68 65 20 4e 65 77 20 44 |called t|he New D|
|00001980| 65 61 6c 2e 20 54 68 69 | 73 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 73 |eal. Thi|s consis|
|00001990| 74 65 64 20 6f 66 20 61 | 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 |ted of a| number |
|000019a0| 6f 66 20 70 75 62 6c 69 | 63 20 77 6f 72 6b 73 20 |of publi|c works |
|000019b0| 61 6e 64 20 77 65 6c 66 | 61 72 65 20 70 61 63 6b |and welf|are pack|
|000019c0| 61 67 65 73 2c 20 61 6e | 64 20 77 61 73 20 74 68 |ages, an|d was th|
|000019d0| 65 20 62 65 67 69 6e 6e | 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 74 |e beginn|ing of t|
|000019e0| 68 65 20 66 65 64 65 72 | 61 6c 20 67 6f 76 65 72 |he feder|al gover|
|000019f0| 6e 6d 65 6e 74 27 73 20 | 69 6e 76 6f 6c 76 65 6d |nment's |involvem|
|00001a00| 65 6e 74 20 69 6e 20 73 | 6f 63 69 61 6c 20 69 73 |ent in s|ocial is|
|00001a10| 73 75 65 73 2c 20 77 68 | 65 72 65 61 73 20 62 65 |sues, wh|ereas be|
|00001a20| 66 6f 72 65 20 69 74 20 | 68 61 64 20 62 65 65 6e |fore it |had been|
|00001a30| 20 74 72 61 64 69 74 69 | 6f 6e 61 6c 6c 79 20 6c | traditi|onally l|
|00001a40| 69 6d 69 74 65 64 20 74 | 6f 20 64 65 66 65 6e 63 |imited t|o defenc|
|00001a50| 65 20 61 6e 64 20 66 6f | 72 65 69 67 6e 20 70 6f |e and fo|reign po|
|00001a60| 6c 69 63 79 2e 0a 00 54 | 68 65 20 55 53 20 64 69 |licy...T|he US di|
|00001a70| 64 20 6e 6f 74 20 65 6e | 74 65 72 20 57 6f 72 6c |d not en|ter Worl|
|00001a80| 64 20 57 61 72 20 49 49 | 20 75 6e 74 69 6c 20 31 |d War II| until 1|
|00001a90| 39 34 31 20 77 68 65 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 4a 61 70 |941 when| the Jap|
|00001aa0| 61 6e 65 73 65 20 62 6f | 6d 62 65 64 20 50 65 61 |anese bo|mbed Pea|
|00001ab0| 72 6c 20 48 61 72 62 6f | 75 72 2c 20 61 6c 74 68 |rl Harbo|ur, alth|
|00001ac0| 6f 75 67 68 20 69 74 20 | 68 61 64 20 70 72 65 76 |ough it |had prev|
|00001ad0| 69 6f 75 73 6c 79 20 73 | 75 70 70 6f 72 74 65 64 |iously s|upported|
|00001ae0| 20 74 68 65 20 41 6c 6c | 69 65 73 20 62 6f 74 68 | the All|ies both|
|00001af0| 20 66 69 6e 61 6e 63 69 | 61 6c 6c 79 20 61 6e 64 | financi|ally and|
|00001b00| 20 70 6f 6c 69 74 69 63 | 61 6c 6c 79 2e 20 54 68 | politic|ally. Th|
|00001b10| 65 20 55 53 20 77 61 73 | 20 74 68 65 20 6f 6e 6c |e US was| the onl|
|00001b20| 79 20 73 69 67 6e 69 66 | 69 63 61 6e 74 20 70 6f |y signif|icant po|
|00001b30| 77 65 72 20 74 6f 20 73 | 75 72 76 69 76 65 20 74 |wer to s|urvive t|
|00001b40| 68 65 20 77 61 72 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 69 74 73 20 |he war w|ith its |
|00001b50| 70 72 6f 64 75 63 74 69 | 76 65 20 63 61 70 61 63 |producti|ve capac|
|00001b60| 69 74 79 20 69 6e 74 61 | 63 74 2e 20 54 68 69 73 |ity inta|ct. This|
|00001b70| 20 6d 65 61 6e 74 20 74 | 68 61 74 2c 20 64 65 73 | meant t|hat, des|
|00001b80| 70 69 74 65 20 69 73 6f | 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e 69 73 |pite iso|lationis|
|00001b90| 74 20 74 65 6e 64 65 6e | 63 69 65 73 2c 20 69 74 |t tenden|cies, it|
|00001ba0| 20 77 61 73 20 61 62 6c | 65 20 74 6f 20 68 65 6c | was abl|e to hel|
|00001bb0| 70 20 72 65 63 6f 6e 73 | 74 72 75 63 74 20 45 75 |p recons|truct Eu|
|00001bc0| 72 6f 70 65 20 75 73 69 | 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 4d |rope usi|ng the M|
|00001bd0| 61 72 73 68 61 6c 6c 20 | 50 6c 61 6e 2e 0a 00 52 |arshall |Plan...R|
|00001be0| 65 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 69 74 |elations| with it|
|00001bf0| 73 20 70 72 65 76 69 6f | 75 73 20 77 61 72 2d 74 |s previo|us war-t|
|00001c00| 69 6d 65 20 61 6c 6c 79 | 2c 20 74 68 65 20 53 6f |ime ally|, the So|
|00001c10| 76 69 65 74 20 55 6e 69 | 6f 6e 2c 20 67 72 61 64 |viet Uni|on, grad|
|00001c20| 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 64 65 | 74 65 72 69 6f 72 61 74 |ually de|teriorat|
|00001c30| 65 64 2e 20 54 68 69 73 | 20 6c 65 64 20 74 6f 20 |ed. This| led to |
|00001c40| 74 68 65 20 4b 6f 72 65 | 61 6e 20 77 61 72 20 28 |the Kore|an war (|
|00001c50| 31 39 35 30 2d 35 33 29 | 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 77 61 |1950-53)|, and wa|
|00001c60| 73 20 70 61 72 74 6c 79 | 20 72 65 73 70 6f 6e 73 |s partly| respons|
|00001c70| 69 62 6c 65 20 66 6f 72 | 20 74 68 65 20 56 69 65 |ible for| the Vie|
|00001c80| 74 6e 61 6d 20 77 61 72 | 20 28 31 39 36 34 2d 37 |tnam war| (1964-7|
|00001c90| 35 29 2e 20 42 6f 74 68 | 20 73 69 64 65 73 20 64 |5). Both| sides d|
|00001ca0| 65 76 6f 74 65 64 20 6c | 61 72 67 65 20 72 65 73 |evoted l|arge res|
|00001cb0| 6f 75 72 63 65 73 20 74 | 6f 20 74 68 65 20 64 65 |ources t|o the de|
|00001cc0| 76 65 6c 6f 70 6d 65 6e | 74 20 61 6e 64 20 64 65 |velopmen|t and de|
|00001cd0| 70 6c 6f 79 6d 65 6e 74 | 20 6f 66 20 63 6f 6e 76 |ployment| of conv|
|00001ce0| 65 6e 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c | 20 61 6e 64 20 6e 75 63 |entional| and nuc|
|00001cf0| 6c 65 61 72 20 66 6f 72 | 63 65 73 2e 20 54 68 65 |lear for|ces. The|
|00001d00| 20 73 6f 63 69 61 6c 20 | 65 66 66 65 63 74 20 6f | social |effect o|
|00001d10| 66 20 74 68 69 73 20 43 | 6f 6c 64 20 57 61 72 20 |f this C|old War |
|00001d20| 77 61 73 20 74 6f 20 69 | 6e 73 74 69 6c 20 61 6e |was to i|nstil an|
|00001d30| 20 61 63 75 74 65 20 66 | 65 61 72 20 6f 66 20 43 | acute f|ear of C|
|00001d40| 6f 6d 6d 75 6e 69 73 6d | 2c 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 6e |ommunism|, most n|
|00001d50| 6f 74 61 62 6c 65 20 69 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f |otable i|n the co|
|00001d60| 6d 6d 75 6e 69 73 74 20 | 77 69 74 63 68 2d 68 75 |mmunist |witch-hu|
|00001d70| 6e 74 73 20 75 6e 64 65 | 72 20 53 65 6e 61 74 6f |nts unde|r Senato|
|00001d80| 72 20 4d 63 43 61 72 74 | 68 79 2e 0a 00 54 68 65 |r McCart|hy...The|
|00001d90| 20 63 6f 73 74 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 56 69 65 | cost of| the Vie|
|00001da0| 74 6e 61 6d 20 77 61 72 | 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 |tnam war|, and th|
|00001db0| 65 20 65 63 6f 6e 6f 6d | 69 63 20 72 69 73 65 20 |e econom|ic rise |
|00001dc0| 6f 66 20 4a 61 70 61 6e | 20 61 6e 64 20 45 75 72 |of Japan| and Eur|
|00001dd0| 6f 70 65 2c 20 6c 65 64 | 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 |ope, led| to the |
|00001de0| 67 72 61 64 75 61 6c 20 | 64 69 73 70 6c 61 63 65 |gradual |displace|
|00001df0| 6d 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 55 53 20 61 |ment of |the US a|
|00001e00| 73 20 74 68 65 20 6d 61 | 6a 6f 72 20 77 6f 72 6c |s the ma|jor worl|
|00001e10| 64 20 65 63 6f 6e 6f 6d | 69 63 20 70 6f 77 65 72 |d econom|ic power|
|00001e20| 2e 20 42 79 20 74 68 65 | 20 6d 69 64 2d 31 39 38 |. By the| mid-198|
|00001e30| 30 73 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | 55 53 20 68 61 64 20 62 |0s, the |US had b|
|00001e40| 65 63 6f 6d 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 6c 61 72 67 65 73 |ecome th|e larges|
|00001e50| 74 20 64 65 62 74 6f 72 | 20 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e |t debtor| nation.|
|00001e60| 20 49 74 20 63 6f 6e 74 | 69 6e 75 65 64 20 74 6f | It cont|inued to|
|00001e70| 20 70 75 72 73 75 65 20 | 61 20 74 6f 75 67 68 20 | pursue |a tough |
|00001e80| 61 6e 74 69 2d 53 6f 76 | 69 65 74 20 6c 69 6e 65 |anti-Sov|iet line|
|00001e90| 20 75 6e 74 69 6c 20 74 | 68 65 20 61 72 72 69 76 | until t|he arriv|
|00001ea0| 61 6c 20 6f 66 20 4d 69 | 6b 68 61 69 6c 20 47 6f |al of Mi|khail Go|
|00001eb0| 72 62 61 63 68 65 76 20 | 61 73 20 6c 65 61 64 65 |rbachev |as leade|
|00001ec0| 72 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 20 55 53 53 52 2c 20 77 |r of the| USSR, w|
|00001ed0| 68 69 63 68 20 73 74 61 | 72 74 65 64 20 61 20 70 |hich sta|rted a p|
|00001ee0| 65 72 69 6f 64 20 6f 66 | 20 64 65 74 65 6e 74 65 |eriod of| detente|
|00001ef0| 2e 20 57 69 74 68 20 74 | 68 65 20 64 69 73 73 6f |. With t|he disso|
|00001f00| 6c 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 53 6f |lution o|f the So|
|00001f10| 76 69 65 74 20 74 68 72 | 65 61 74 2c 20 74 68 65 |viet thr|eat, the|
|00001f20| 20 66 6f 63 75 73 20 6f | 66 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 | focus o|f public|
|00001f30| 20 63 6f 6e 63 65 72 6e | 20 73 77 69 74 63 68 65 | concern| switche|
|00001f40| 64 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 66 | 6f 72 65 69 67 6e 20 70 |d from f|oreign p|
|00001f50| 6f 6c 69 63 79 20 74 6f | 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 75 |olicy to| the cou|
|00001f60| 6e 74 72 79 27 73 20 65 | 63 6f 6e 6f 6d 69 63 20 |ntry's e|conomic |
|00001f70| 77 65 6c 6c 2d 62 65 69 | 6e 67 2e 20 20 41 67 61 |well-bei|ng.  Aga|
|00001f80| 69 6e 73 74 20 61 20 62 | 61 63 6b 67 72 6f 75 6e |inst a b|ackgroun|
|00001f90| 64 20 6f 66 20 72 69 73 | 69 6e 67 20 75 6e 65 6d |d of ris|ing unem|
|00001fa0| 70 6c 6f 79 6d 65 6e 74 | 2c 20 42 69 6c 6c 20 43 |ployment|, Bill C|
|00001fb0| 6c 69 6e 74 6f 6e 20 77 | 61 73 20 65 6c 65 63 74 |linton w|as elect|
|00001fc0| 65 64 20 70 72 65 73 69 | 64 65 6e 74 20 69 6e 20 |ed presi|dent in |
|00001fd0| 4e 6f 76 65 6d 62 65 72 | 20 31 39 39 32 2c 20 62 |November| 1992, b|
|00001fe0| 75 74 20 62 79 20 74 68 | 65 20 65 6e 64 20 6f 66 |ut by th|e end of|
|00001ff0| 20 68 69 73 20 66 69 72 | 73 74 20 79 65 61 72 20 | his fir|st year |
|00002000| 69 6e 20 6f 66 66 69 63 | 65 2c 20 74 68 65 20 63 |in offic|e, the c|
|00002010| 6f 6e 73 65 6e 73 75 73 | 20 73 65 65 6d 65 64 20 |onsensus| seemed |
|00002020| 74 6f 20 62 65 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 68 65 20 68 61 |to be th|at he ha|
|00002030| 64 20 6e 6f 74 20 73 75 | 63 63 65 65 64 65 64 20 |d not su|cceeded |
|00002040| 69 6e 20 74 61 63 6b 6c | 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 73 |in tackl|ing thes|
|00002050| 65 20 69 73 73 75 65 73 | 2e 20 54 68 65 20 65 6c |e issues|. The el|
|00002060| 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f | 66 20 52 65 70 75 62 6c |ection o|f Republ|
|00002070| 69 63 61 6e 20 4e 65 77 | 74 20 47 69 6e 67 72 69 |ican New|t Gingri|
|00002080| 63 68 20 61 73 20 53 70 | 65 61 6b 65 72 20 6f 66 |ch as Sp|eaker of|
|00002090| 20 74 68 65 20 48 6f 75 | 73 65 20 6f 66 20 52 65 | the Hou|se of Re|
|000020a0| 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 61 | 74 69 76 65 73 20 73 69 |presenta|tives si|
|000020b0| 67 6e 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 | 61 20 63 68 61 6e 67 65 |gnalled |a change|
|000020c0| 20 6f 66 20 66 65 65 6c | 69 6e 67 20 61 67 61 69 | of feel|ing agai|
|000020d0| 6e 73 74 20 50 72 65 73 | 69 64 65 6e 74 20 42 69 |nst Pres|ident Bi|
|000020e0| 6c 6c 20 43 6c 69 6e 74 | 6f 6e 27 73 20 44 65 6d |ll Clint|on's Dem|
|000020f0| 6f 63 72 61 74 20 67 6f | 76 65 72 6e 6d 65 6e 74 |ocrat go|vernment|
|00002100| 2e 0a 00 01 00 32 35 35 | 32 30 30 30 30 30 00 01 |.....255|200000..|
|00002110| 00 31 39 39 32 00 05 00 | 45 6e 67 6c 69 73 68 00 |.1992...|English.|
|00002120| 53 70 61 6e 69 73 68 00 | 47 65 72 6d 61 6e 00 46 |Spanish.|German.F|
|00002130| 72 65 6e 63 68 00 49 74 | 61 6c 69 61 6e 00 01 00 |rench.It|alian...|
|00002140| 55 6e 69 74 65 64 20 53 | 74 61 74 65 73 00 01 00 |United S|tates...|
|00002150| 55 6e 69 74 65 64 20 53 | 74 61 74 65 73 20 6f 66 |United S|tates of|
|00002160| 20 41 6d 65 72 69 63 61 | 00 01 00 20 54 68 65 20 | America|... The |
|00002170| 55 53 20 68 61 73 20 74 | 68 65 20 6c 61 72 67 65 |US has t|he large|
|00002180| 73 74 20 61 6e 64 20 72 | 69 63 68 65 73 74 20 65 |st and r|ichest e|
|00002190| 63 6f 6e 6f 6d 79 20 69 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 77 6f |conomy i|n the wo|
|000021a0| 72 6c 64 2c 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 61 20 70 65 72 20 |rld, wit|h a per |
|000021b0| 63 61 70 69 74 61 20 47 | 44 50 20 6f 66 20 55 53 |capita G|DP of US|
|000021c0| 24 20 32 32 2c 34 37 30 | 20 61 6e 64 2c 20 64 65 |$ 22,470| and, de|
|000021d0| 73 70 69 74 65 20 70 6f | 70 75 6c 61 72 20 6d 69 |spite po|pular mi|
|000021e0| 73 63 6f 6e 63 65 70 74 | 69 6f 6e 2c 20 74 68 65 |sconcept|ion, the|
|000021f0| 20 68 69 67 68 65 73 74 | 20 70 72 6f 64 75 63 74 | highest| product|
|00002200| 69 76 69 74 79 20 6f 76 | 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 77 |ivity ov|er the w|
|00002210| 68 6f 6c 65 20 65 63 6f | 6e 6f 6d 79 2e 20 54 68 |hole eco|nomy. Th|
|00002220| 65 20 65 63 6f 6e 6f 6d | 79 20 69 73 20 6d 61 72 |e econom|y is mar|
|00002230| 6b 65 74 2d 6f 72 69 65 | 6e 74 65 64 20 77 69 74 |ket-orie|nted wit|
|00002240| 68 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 64 | 65 63 69 73 69 6f 6e 73 |h most d|ecisions|
|00002250| 20 6d 61 64 65 20 62 79 | 20 70 72 69 76 61 74 65 | made by| private|
|00002260| 20 69 6e 64 69 76 69 64 | 75 61 6c 73 20 61 6e 64 | individ|uals and|
|00002270| 20 62 75 73 69 6e 65 73 | 73 20 66 69 72 6d 73 20 | busines|s firms |
|00002280| 61 6e 64 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 67 6f 76 65 72 6e 6d |and with| governm|
|00002290| 65 6e 74 20 70 75 72 63 | 68 61 73 65 73 20 6f 66 |ent purc|hases of|
|000022a0| 20 67 6f 6f 64 73 20 61 | 6e 64 20 73 65 72 76 69 | goods a|nd servi|
|000022b0| 63 65 73 20 6d 61 64 65 | 20 70 72 65 64 6f 6d 69 |ces made| predomi|
|000022c0| 6e 61 6e 74 6c 79 20 69 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6d 61 |nantly i|n the ma|
|000022d0| 72 6b 65 74 70 6c 61 63 | 65 2e 20 49 6e 20 31 39 |rketplac|e. In 19|
|000022e0| 38 39 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | 65 63 6f 6e 6f 6d 79 20 |89, the |economy |
|000022f0| 65 6e 6a 6f 79 65 64 20 | 69 74 73 20 73 65 76 65 |enjoyed |its seve|
|00002300| 6e 74 68 20 73 75 63 63 | 65 73 73 69 76 65 20 79 |nth succ|essive y|
|00002310| 65 61 72 20 6f 66 20 73 | 75 62 73 74 61 6e 74 69 |ear of s|ubstanti|
|00002320| 61 6c 20 67 72 6f 77 74 | 68 2c 20 74 68 65 20 6c |al growt|h, the l|
|00002330| 6f 6e 67 65 73 74 20 69 | 6e 20 70 65 61 63 65 74 |ongest i|n peacet|
|00002340| 69 6d 65 20 68 69 73 74 | 6f 72 79 2e 20 54 68 65 |ime hist|ory. The|
|00002350| 20 65 78 70 61 6e 73 69 | 6f 6e 20 66 65 61 74 75 | expansi|on featu|
|00002360| 72 65 64 20 6d 6f 64 65 | 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 |red mode|ration i|
|00002370| 6e 20 77 61 67 65 20 61 | 6e 64 20 63 6f 6e 73 75 |n wage a|nd consu|
|00002380| 6d 65 72 20 70 72 69 63 | 65 20 69 6e 63 72 65 61 |mer pric|e increa|
|00002390| 73 65 73 20 61 6e 64 20 | 61 20 73 74 65 61 64 79 |ses and |a steady|
|000023a0| 20 72 65 64 75 63 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 75 6e | reducti|on in un|
|000023b0| 65 6d 70 6c 6f 79 6d 65 | 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 35 2e |employme|nt to 5.|
|000023c0| 32 25 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 6c 61 62 6f 75 72 |2% of th|e labour|
|000023d0| 20 66 6f 72 63 65 2e 20 | 49 6e 20 31 39 39 30 2c | force. |In 1990,|
|000023e0| 20 68 6f 77 65 76 65 72 | 2c 20 67 72 6f 77 74 68 | however|, growth|
|000023f0| 20 73 6c 6f 77 65 64 20 | 74 6f 20 31 25 20 62 65 | slowed |to 1% be|
|00002400| 63 61 75 73 65 20 6f 66 | 20 61 20 63 6f 6d 62 69 |cause of| a combi|
|00002410| 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f | 66 20 66 61 63 74 6f 72 |nation o|f factor|
|00002420| 73 2c 20 73 75 63 68 20 | 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 77 |s, such |as the w|
|00002430| 6f 72 6c 64 77 69 64 65 | 20 69 6e 63 72 65 61 73 |orldwide| increas|
|00002440| 65 20 69 6e 20 69 6e 74 | 65 72 65 73 74 20 72 61 |e in int|erest ra|
|00002450| 74 65 73 2c 20 49 72 61 | 71 27 73 20 69 6e 76 61 |tes, Ira|q's inva|
|00002460| 73 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 | 4b 75 77 61 69 74 20 69 |sion of |Kuwait i|
|00002470| 6e 20 41 75 67 75 73 74 | 2c 20 74 68 65 20 73 75 |n August|, the su|
|00002480| 62 73 65 71 75 65 6e 74 | 20 68 69 6b 65 20 69 6e |bsequent| hike in|
|00002490| 20 6f 69 6c 20 70 72 69 | 63 65 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 | oil pri|ces, and|
|000024a0| 20 61 20 67 65 6e 65 72 | 61 6c 20 64 65 63 6c 69 | a gener|al decli|
|000024b0| 6e 65 20 69 6e 20 62 75 | 73 69 6e 65 73 73 20 61 |ne in bu|siness a|
|000024c0| 6e 64 20 63 6f 6e 73 75 | 6d 65 72 20 63 6f 6e 66 |nd consu|mer conf|
|000024d0| 69 64 65 6e 63 65 2e 20 | 54 68 65 20 72 65 63 65 |idence. |The rece|
|000024e0| 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 77 61 | 73 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f |ssion wa|s the lo|
|000024f0| 6e 67 65 73 74 20 79 65 | 74 20 74 68 65 20 73 68 |ngest ye|t the sh|
|00002500| 61 6c 6c 6f 77 65 73 74 | 20 73 69 6e 63 65 20 74 |allowest| since t|
|00002510| 68 65 20 57 6f 72 6c 64 | 20 57 61 72 20 49 49 2c |he World| War II,|
|00002520| 61 6e 64 20 73 69 6e 63 | 65 20 74 68 65 6e 20 74 |and sinc|e then t|
|00002530| 68 65 20 65 63 6f 6e 6f | 6d 79 20 68 61 73 20 67 |he econo|my has g|
|00002540| 72 6f 77 6e 20 72 61 70 | 69 64 6c 79 20 77 69 74 |rown rap|idly wit|
|00002550| 68 20 67 72 6f 77 74 68 | 20 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e |h growth| between|
|00002560| 20 33 25 20 61 6e 64 20 | 34 25 2c 20 64 65 73 70 | 3% and |4%, desp|
|00002570| 69 74 65 20 63 6f 6e 74 | 69 6e 75 65 64 20 6c 61 |ite cont|inued la|
|00002580| 63 6b 20 6f 66 20 63 6f | 6e 73 75 6d 65 72 20 63 |ck of co|nsumer c|
|00002590| 6f 6e 66 69 64 65 6e 63 | 65 2e 20 54 68 65 20 64 |onfidenc|e. The d|
|000025a0| 65 66 69 63 69 74 20 69 | 73 20 63 6f 6d 69 6e 67 |eficit i|s coming|
|000025b0| 20 75 6e 64 65 72 20 63 | 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 62 | under c|ontrol b|
|000025c0| 75 74 20 68 65 61 6c 74 | 68 20 63 61 72 65 20 72 |ut healt|h care r|
|000025d0| 65 66 6f 72 6d 20 72 65 | 6d 61 69 6e 73 20 61 6e |eform re|mains an|
|000025e0| 20 69 6d 70 6f 72 74 61 | 6e 74 20 69 73 73 75 65 | importa|nt issue|
|000025f0| 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 | 61 74 20 6f 76 65 72 20 |, which |at over |
|00002600| 31 30 25 20 6f 66 20 47 | 44 50 2c 20 74 61 6b 65 |10% of G|DP, take|
|00002610| 73 20 75 70 20 61 20 68 | 69 67 68 65 72 20 70 72 |s up a h|igher pr|
|00002620| 6f 70 6f 72 74 69 6f 6e | 20 6f 66 20 6f 75 74 70 |oportion| of outp|
|00002630| 75 74 20 74 68 61 6e 20 | 69 6e 20 61 6e 79 20 6f |ut than |in any o|
|00002640| 74 68 65 72 20 63 6f 75 | 6e 74 72 79 2e 20 4f 74 |ther cou|ntry. Ot|
|00002650| 68 65 72 20 66 75 74 75 | 72 65 20 70 72 6f 62 6c |her futu|re probl|
|00002660| 65 6d 73 20 69 6e 63 6c | 75 64 65 20 74 68 65 20 |ems incl|ude the |
|00002670| 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 | 6f 66 20 69 6e 66 6c 61 |control |of infla|
|00002680| 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 65 73 | 70 65 63 69 61 6c 6c 79 |tion, es|pecially|
|00002690| 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 | 65 20 61 70 70 6f 69 6e | with th|e appoin|
|000026a0| 74 6d 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 | 20 69 6e 66 6c 61 74 69 |tment of| inflati|
|000026b0| 6f 6e 20 27 64 6f 76 65 | 73 27 20 74 6f 20 74 68 |on 'dove|s' to th|
|000026c0| 65 20 46 65 64 65 72 61 | 6c 20 52 65 73 65 72 76 |e Federa|l Reserv|
|000026d0| 65 2e 0a 00 01 00 32 37 | 2e 32 32 00 01 00 54 68 |e.....27|.22...Th|
|000026e0| 65 20 63 6f 6e 73 74 69 | 74 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f |e consti|tution o|
|000026f0| 66 20 74 68 65 20 55 6e | 69 74 65 64 20 53 74 61 |f the Un|ited Sta|
|00002700| 74 65 73 20 69 73 20 66 | 6f 75 6e 64 65 64 20 6f |tes is f|ounded o|
|00002710| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 44 65 | 63 6c 61 72 61 74 69 6f |n the De|claratio|
|00002720| 6e 20 6f 66 20 31 37 38 | 37 2e 20 47 6f 76 65 72 |n of 178|7. Gover|
|00002730| 6e 6d 65 6e 74 20 69 73 | 20 64 69 76 69 64 65 64 |nment is| divided|
|00002740| 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 74 68 | 72 65 65 20 74 6f 20 64 | into th|ree to d|
|00002750| 65 61 6c 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 74 68 65 20 6c 65 67 |eal with| the leg|
|00002760| 69 73 6c 61 74 69 76 65 | 2c 20 6c 65 67 61 6c 20 |islative|, legal |
|00002770| 61 6e 64 20 6a 75 64 69 | 63 69 61 6c 20 61 73 70 |and judi|cial asp|
|00002780| 65 63 74 73 20 69 6e 64 | 65 70 65 6e 64 65 6e 74 |ects ind|ependent|
|00002790| 6c 79 2e 20 54 68 65 20 | 70 72 65 73 69 64 65 6e |ly. The |presiden|
|000027a0| 74 2c 20 77 68 6f 20 69 | 73 20 65 6c 65 63 74 65 |t, who i|s electe|
|000027b0| 64 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 | 20 70 65 6f 70 6c 65 20 |d by the| people |
|000027c0| 61 63 74 73 20 61 73 20 | 68 65 61 64 20 6f 66 20 |acts as |head of |
|000027d0| 74 68 65 20 65 78 65 63 | 75 74 69 76 65 20 62 6f |the exec|utive bo|
|000027e0| 64 79 2c 20 61 70 70 6f | 69 6e 74 69 6e 67 20 61 |dy, appo|inting a|
|000027f0| 20 63 61 62 69 6e 65 74 | 20 74 6f 20 61 73 73 69 | cabinet| to assi|
|00002800| 73 74 20 68 69 6d 2e 20 | 54 68 65 20 6c 65 67 69 |st him. |The legi|
|00002810| 73 6c 61 74 69 76 65 20 | 62 72 61 6e 63 68 20 69 |slative |branch i|
|00002820| 73 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f | 6c 6c 65 64 20 62 79 20 |s contro|lled by |
|00002830| 43 6f 6e 67 72 65 73 73 | 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 |Congress|, which |
|00002840| 69 73 20 6d 61 64 65 20 | 75 70 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |is made |up of th|
|00002850| 65 20 34 33 35 2d 6d 65 | 6d 62 65 72 20 48 6f 75 |e 435-me|mber Hou|
|00002860| 73 65 20 6f 66 20 52 65 | 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 61 |se of Re|presenta|
|00002870| 74 69 76 65 73 20 61 6e | 64 20 74 68 65 20 31 30 |tives an|d the 10|
|00002880| 30 2d 6d 65 6d 62 65 72 | 20 53 65 6e 61 74 65 2e |0-member| Senate.|
|00002890| 20 45 61 63 68 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 35 30 20 | Each of| the 50 |
|000028a0| 53 74 61 74 65 73 20 68 | 61 76 65 20 74 68 65 69 |States h|ave thei|
|000028b0| 72 20 6f 77 6e 20 67 6f | 76 65 72 6e 6f 72 2c 20 |r own go|vernor, |
|000028c0| 77 68 6f 20 69 73 20 65 | 6c 65 63 74 65 64 20 62 |who is e|lected b|
|000028d0| 79 20 74 68 65 20 70 65 | 6f 70 6c 65 20 6f 66 20 |y the pe|ople of |
|000028e0| 74 68 61 74 20 61 72 65 | 61 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 77 |that are|a, and w|
|000028f0| 68 6f 20 61 64 6d 69 6e | 69 73 74 65 72 20 74 68 |ho admin|ister th|
|00002900| 65 20 6d 61 6a 6f 72 69 | 74 79 20 6f 66 20 61 6c |e majori|ty of al|
|00002910| 6c 20 6c 6f 63 61 6c 20 | 61 66 66 61 69 72 73 2e |l local |affairs.|
|00002920| 0a 00 12 00 43 6f 61 6c | 00 43 6f 70 70 65 72 00 |....Coal|.Copper.|
|00002930| 4c 65 61 64 00 4d 6f 6c | 79 62 64 65 6e 75 6d 00 |Lead.Mol|ybdenum.|
|00002940| 50 68 6f 73 70 68 61 74 | 65 73 00 55 72 61 6e 69 |Phosphat|es.Urani|
|00002950| 75 6d 00 42 61 75 78 69 | 74 65 00 47 6f 6c 64 00 |um.Bauxi|te.Gold.|
|00002960| 49 72 6f 6e 00 4d 65 72 | 63 75 72 79 00 4e 69 63 |Iron.Mer|cury.Nic|
|00002970| 6b 65 6c 00 50 6f 74 61 | 73 68 00 53 69 6c 76 65 |kel.Pota|sh.Silve|
|00002980| 72 00 54 75 6e 67 73 74 | 65 6e 00 5a 69 6e 63 00 |r.Tungst|en.Zinc.|
|00002990| 43 72 75 64 65 20 6f 69 | 6c 00 4e 61 74 75 72 61 |Crude oi|l.Natura|
|000029a0| 6c 20 67 61 73 00 54 69 | 6d 62 65 72 00 01 00 39 |l gas.Ti|mber...9|
|000029b0| 33 37 32 36 31 34 00 01 | 00 73 71 20 6b 6d 00 00 |372614..|.sq km..|
|000029c0| 52 45 43 44 b4 14 00 00 | 00 00 59 00 00 00 62 00 |RECD....|..Y...b.|
|000029d0| 00 00 a4 00 00 00 a6 00 | 00 00 b0 00 00 00 b9 00 |........|........|
|000029e0| 00 00 c3 00 00 00 c5 00 | 00 00 95 0d 00 00 a0 0d |........|........|
|000029f0| 00 00 a7 0d 00 00 c6 0d | 00 00 cf 0d 00 00 e3 0d |........|........|
|00002a00| 00 00 44 12 00 00 4c 12 | 00 00 76 14 00 00 a3 14 |..D...L.|..v.....|
|00002a10| 00 00 ac 14 00 00 01 00 | 44 41 54 41 49 4e 46 4f |........|DATAINFO|
|00002a20| 00 44 41 54 41 49 4e 46 | 4f 00 04 00 4f 76 65 72 |.DATAINF|O...Over|
|00002a30| 76 69 65 77 2c 4f 56 45 | 52 56 49 45 57 00 48 69 |view,OVE|RVIEW.Hi|
|00002a40| 73 74 6f 72 79 2c 48 49 | 53 54 4f 52 59 00 45 63 |story,HI|STORY.Ec|
|00002a50| 6f 6e 6f 6d 79 2c 45 43 | 4f 4e 4f 4d 59 00 50 65 |onomy,EC|ONOMY.Pe|
|00002a60| 6f 70 6c 65 2c 50 45 4f | 50 4c 45 00 00 00 01 00 |ople,PEO|PLE.....|
|00002a70| 00 00 00 00 00 00 3e 40 | 01 00 41 74 68 65 6e 73 |......>@|..Athens|
|00002a80| 00 01 00 44 72 61 63 68 | 6d 61 00 00 00 02 00 54 |...Drach|ma.....T|
|00002a90| 68 65 20 42 79 7a 61 6e | 74 69 6e 65 20 45 6d 70 |he Byzan|tine Emp|
|00002aa0| 69 72 65 2c 20 6f 66 20 | 77 68 69 63 68 20 47 72 |ire, of |which Gr|
|00002ab0| 65 65 63 65 20 66 6f 72 | 6d 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 |eece for|med the |
|00002ac0| 68 65 61 72 74 6c 61 6e | 64 2c 20 77 61 73 20 6f |heartlan|d, was o|
|00002ad0| 76 65 72 74 68 72 6f 77 | 6e 20 69 6e 20 31 34 35 |verthrow|n in 145|
|00002ae0| 33 2c 20 77 68 65 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 4f 74 74 6f |3, when |the Otto|
|00002af0| 6d 61 6e 20 54 75 72 6b | 73 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 41 |man Turk|s from A|
|00002b00| 73 69 61 20 4d 69 6e 6f | 72 20 63 61 70 74 75 72 |sia Mino|r captur|
|00002b10| 65 64 20 43 6f 6e 73 74 | 61 6e 74 69 6e 6f 70 6c |ed Const|antinopl|
|00002b20| 65 2e 20 46 6f 72 20 73 | 65 76 65 72 61 6c 20 63 |e. For s|everal c|
|00002b30| 65 6e 74 75 72 69 65 73 | 2c 20 47 72 65 65 63 65 |enturies|, Greece|
|00002b40| 20 77 61 73 20 75 6e 64 | 65 72 20 4d 75 73 6c 69 | was und|er Musli|
|00002b50| 6d 20 54 75 72 6b 69 73 | 68 20 72 75 6c 65 2e 20 |m Turkis|h rule. |
|00002b60| 49 6e 73 70 69 72 65 64 | 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 |Inspired| by the |
|00002b70| 46 72 65 6e 63 68 20 72 | 65 76 6f 6c 75 74 69 6f |French r|evolutio|
|00002b80| 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 65 6e | 63 6f 75 72 61 67 65 64 |n and en|couraged|
|00002b90| 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 | 52 75 73 73 69 61 6e 73 | by the |Russians|
|00002ba0| 2c 20 74 68 65 20 47 72 | 65 65 6b 73 20 73 74 61 |, the Gr|eeks sta|
|00002bb0| 67 65 64 20 61 20 72 65 | 62 65 6c 6c 69 6f 6e 20 |ged a re|bellion |
|00002bc0| 69 6e 20 31 38 32 31 2e | 20 44 65 73 70 69 74 65 |in 1821.| Despite|
|00002bd0| 20 61 73 73 69 73 74 61 | 6e 63 65 20 66 72 6f 6d | assista|nce from|
|00002be0| 20 76 6f 6c 75 6e 74 65 | 65 72 73 20 28 69 6e 63 | volunte|ers (inc|
|00002bf0| 6c 75 64 69 6e 67 20 74 | 68 65 20 67 72 65 61 74 |luding t|he great|
|00002c00| 20 45 6e 67 6c 69 73 68 | 20 70 6f 65 74 2c 20 4c | English| poet, L|
|00002c10| 6f 72 64 20 42 79 72 6f | 6e 29 2c 20 74 68 65 20 |ord Byro|n), the |
|00002c20| 72 65 62 65 6c 6c 69 6f | 6e 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 65 64 |rebellio|n looked|
|00002c30| 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 66 61 | 69 6c 69 6e 67 2c 20 75 | like fa|iling, u|
|00002c40| 6e 74 69 6c 20 61 20 42 | 72 69 74 69 73 68 2d 46 |ntil a B|ritish-F|
|00002c50| 72 65 6e 63 68 2d 52 75 | 73 73 69 61 6e 20 73 71 |rench-Ru|ssian sq|
|00002c60| 75 61 64 72 6f 6e 20 64 | 65 73 74 72 6f 79 65 64 |uadron d|estroyed|
|00002c70| 20 74 68 65 20 54 75 72 | 6b 69 73 68 2d 45 67 79 | the Tur|kish-Egy|
|00002c80| 70 74 69 61 6e 20 66 6c | 65 65 74 20 61 74 20 4e |ptian fl|eet at N|
|00002c90| 61 76 61 72 69 6e 6f 20 | 69 6e 20 31 38 32 37 2e |avarino |in 1827.|
|00002ca0| 20 49 6e 20 74 68 69 73 | 20 77 61 79 2c 20 47 72 | In this| way, Gr|
|00002cb0| 65 65 63 65 20 67 61 69 | 6e 65 64 20 69 74 73 20 |eece gai|ned its |
|00002cc0| 69 6e 64 65 70 65 6e 64 | 65 6e 63 65 20 69 6e 20 |independ|ence in |
|00002cd0| 31 38 32 39 2e 20 48 6f | 77 65 76 65 72 2c 20 74 |1829. Ho|wever, t|
|00002ce0| 68 65 20 47 72 65 65 63 | 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 65 |he Greec|e that e|
|00002cf0| 6d 65 72 67 65 64 20 66 | 72 6f 6d 20 54 75 72 6b |merged f|rom Turk|
|00002d00| 69 73 68 20 64 6f 6d 69 | 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 77 |ish domi|nation w|
|00002d10| 61 73 20 73 6d 61 6c 6c | 65 72 20 74 68 61 6e 20 |as small|er than |
|00002d20| 69 74 73 20 70 72 65 73 | 65 6e 74 20 61 72 65 61 |its pres|ent area|
|00002d30| 2c 20 73 69 6e 63 65 20 | 69 74 20 64 69 64 20 6e |, since |it did n|
|00002d40| 6f 74 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 | 64 65 20 69 6e 20 69 74 |ot inclu|de in it|
|00002d50| 73 20 74 65 72 72 69 74 | 6f 72 79 20 61 6e 79 20 |s territ|ory any |
|00002d60| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 | 75 72 72 6f 75 6e 64 69 |of the s|urroundi|
|00002d70| 6e 67 20 69 73 6c 61 6e | 64 73 2c 20 54 68 72 61 |ng islan|ds, Thra|
|00002d80| 63 65 2c 20 4d 61 63 65 | 64 6f 6e 69 61 20 6f 72 |ce, Mace|donia or|
|00002d90| 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 6f 66 | 20 54 68 65 73 73 61 6c | most of| Thessal|
|00002da0| 79 2e 20 54 68 72 6f 75 | 67 68 6f 75 74 20 74 68 |y. Throu|ghout th|
|00002db0| 65 20 31 39 74 68 20 61 | 6e 64 20 65 61 72 6c 79 |e 19th a|nd early|
|00002dc0| 20 32 30 74 68 20 63 65 | 6e 74 75 72 79 2c 20 47 | 20th ce|ntury, G|
|00002dd0| 72 65 65 63 65 20 65 78 | 70 61 6e 64 65 64 20 69 |reece ex|panded i|
|00002de0| 74 20 74 65 72 72 69 74 | 6f 72 79 2c 20 72 65 67 |t territ|ory, reg|
|00002df0| 61 69 6e 69 6e 67 20 74 | 68 65 20 49 6f 6e 69 61 |aining t|he Ionia|
|00002e00| 6e 20 69 73 6c 61 6e 64 | 73 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 47 |n island|s from G|
|00002e10| 72 65 61 74 20 42 72 69 | 74 61 69 6e 20 69 6e 20 |reat Bri|tain in |
|00002e20| 31 38 36 33 2e 20 49 6e | 20 31 39 31 32 2c 20 47 |1863. In| 1912, G|
|00002e30| 72 65 65 63 65 20 6a 6f | 69 6e 65 64 20 42 75 6c |reece jo|ined Bul|
|00002e40| 67 61 72 69 61 20 61 6e | 64 20 53 65 72 62 69 61 |garia an|d Serbia|
|00002e50| 20 69 6e 20 61 20 77 61 | 72 20 74 68 61 74 20 77 | in a wa|r that w|
|00002e60| 61 73 20 6d 65 61 6e 74 | 20 74 6f 20 64 72 69 76 |as meant| to driv|
|00002e70| 65 20 74 68 65 20 54 75 | 72 6b 73 20 6f 75 74 20 |e the Tu|rks out |
|00002e80| 6f 66 20 45 75 72 6f 70 | 65 2e 20 41 73 20 61 20 |of Europ|e. As a |
|00002e90| 72 65 73 75 6c 74 2c 20 | 47 72 65 65 63 65 20 72 |result, |Greece r|
|00002ea0| 65 63 6f 76 65 72 65 64 | 20 43 72 65 74 65 2c 20 |ecovered| Crete, |
|00002eb0| 6d 6f 73 74 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 41 65 67 65 |most of |the Aege|
|00002ec0| 61 6e 20 69 73 6c 61 6e | 64 73 20 61 6e 64 20 61 |an islan|ds and a|
|00002ed0| 20 6c 61 72 67 65 20 61 | 6d 6f 75 6e 74 20 6f 66 | large a|mount of|
|00002ee0| 20 74 65 72 72 69 74 6f | 72 79 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 | territo|ry on th|
|00002ef0| 65 20 6d 61 69 6e 6c 61 | 6e 64 2c 20 74 68 65 72 |e mainla|nd, ther|
|00002f00| 65 62 79 20 76 69 72 74 | 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 64 6f |eby virt|ually do|
|00002f10| 75 62 6c 69 6e 67 20 69 | 74 73 20 70 6f 70 75 6c |ubling i|ts popul|
|00002f20| 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e 0a 00 | 47 72 65 65 63 65 20 65 |ation...|Greece e|
|00002f30| 6e 74 65 72 65 64 20 57 | 6f 72 6c 64 20 57 61 72 |ntered W|orld War|
|00002f40| 20 49 20 69 6e 20 31 39 | 31 37 2c 20 6a 6f 69 6e | I in 19|17, join|
|00002f50| 69 6e 67 20 47 72 65 61 | 74 20 42 72 69 74 61 69 |ing Grea|t Britai|
|00002f60| 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 46 72 | 61 6e 63 65 2c 20 61 6e |n and Fr|ance, an|
|00002f70| 64 20 72 65 73 75 6d 65 | 64 20 77 61 72 20 77 69 |d resume|d war wi|
|00002f80| 74 68 20 54 75 72 6b 65 | 79 2e 20 54 68 69 73 2c |th Turke|y. This,|
|00002f90| 20 74 68 6f 75 67 68 20 | 66 61 69 72 6c 79 20 75 | though |fairly u|
|00002fa0| 6e 73 75 63 63 65 73 73 | 66 75 6c 2c 20 72 65 73 |nsuccess|ful, res|
|00002fb0| 75 6c 74 65 64 20 69 6e | 20 61 6e 20 65 74 68 6e |ulted in| an ethn|
|00002fc0| 69 63 20 65 78 63 68 61 | 6e 67 65 20 62 65 74 77 |ic excha|nge betw|
|00002fd0| 65 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 74 77 6f 20 63 6f 75 6e |een the |two coun|
|00002fe0| 74 72 69 65 73 2e 20 44 | 75 72 69 6e 67 20 57 6f |tries. D|uring Wo|
|00002ff0| 72 6c 64 20 57 61 72 20 | 49 49 2c 20 74 68 65 20 |rld War |II, the |
|00003000| 47 72 65 65 6b 73 20 73 | 75 63 63 65 73 73 66 75 |Greeks s|uccessfu|
|00003010| 6c 6c 79 20 72 65 73 69 | 73 74 65 64 20 61 6e 20 |lly resi|sted an |
|00003020| 49 74 61 6c 69 61 6e 20 | 69 6e 76 61 73 69 6f 6e |Italian |invasion|
|00003030| 20 62 75 74 20 63 6f 75 | 6c 64 20 6e 6f 74 20 70 | but cou|ld not p|
|00003040| 72 65 76 65 6e 74 20 41 | 78 69 73 20 64 6f 6d 69 |revent A|xis domi|
|00003050| 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 77 | 68 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |nation w|hen the |
|00003060| 47 65 72 6d 61 6e 73 20 | 61 73 73 69 73 74 65 64 |Germans |assisted|
|00003070| 20 49 74 61 6c 79 2e 20 | 57 68 65 6e 20 61 74 20 | Italy. |When at |
|00003080| 6c 61 73 74 20 74 68 65 | 20 69 6e 76 61 64 65 72 |last the| invader|
|00003090| 73 20 77 65 72 65 20 64 | 72 69 76 65 6e 20 6f 75 |s were d|riven ou|
|000030a0| 74 20 69 6e 20 31 39 34 | 34 2c 20 74 68 65 20 77 |t in 194|4, the w|
|000030b0| 61 72 2d 74 6f 72 6e 20 | 61 6e 64 20 62 72 6f 6b |ar-torn |and brok|
|000030c0| 65 6e 20 63 6f 75 6e 74 | 72 79 20 77 61 73 20 66 |en count|ry was f|
|000030d0| 75 72 74 68 65 72 20 64 | 65 6d 6f 72 61 6c 69 73 |urther d|emoralis|
|000030e0| 65 64 20 62 79 20 61 20 | 63 69 76 69 6c 20 77 61 |ed by a |civil wa|
|000030f0| 72 20 61 67 61 69 6e 73 | 74 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f |r agains|t the co|
|00003100| 6d 6d 75 6e 69 73 74 20 | 66 6f 72 63 65 73 2c 20 |mmunist |forces, |
|00003110| 77 68 69 63 68 20 63 6f | 6e 74 69 6e 75 65 64 20 |which co|ntinued |
|00003120| 75 6e 74 69 6c 20 31 39 | 34 39 2e 20 54 68 65 20 |until 19|49. The |
|00003130| 62 72 75 74 61 6c 69 74 | 79 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |brutalit|y of the|
|00003140| 20 63 6f 6e 66 6c 69 63 | 74 2c 20 69 6e 20 77 68 | conflic|t, in wh|
|00003150| 69 63 68 20 32 37 2c 30 | 30 30 20 73 6f 6c 64 69 |ich 27,0|00 soldi|
|00003160| 65 72 73 20 61 6e 64 20 | 63 69 76 69 6c 69 61 6e |ers and |civilian|
|00003170| 73 20 70 65 72 69 73 68 | 65 64 2c 20 63 72 65 61 |s perish|ed, crea|
|00003180| 74 65 64 20 6c 61 73 74 | 69 6e 67 20 64 69 76 69 |ted last|ing divi|
|00003190| 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 69 6e | 20 47 72 65 65 6b 20 73 |sions in| Greek s|
|000031a0| 6f 63 69 65 74 79 2e 20 | 41 69 64 65 64 20 62 79 |ociety. |Aided by|
|000031b0| 20 74 68 65 20 55 6e 69 | 74 65 64 20 53 74 61 74 | the Uni|ted Stat|
|000031c0| 65 73 2c 20 63 6f 6e 64 | 69 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 67 |es, cond|itions g|
|000031d0| 72 61 64 75 61 6c 6c 79 | 20 69 6d 70 72 6f 76 65 |radually| improve|
|000031e0| 64 20 61 6e 64 2c 20 69 | 6e 20 31 39 35 32 2c 20 |d and, i|n 1952, |
|000031f0| 47 72 65 65 63 65 20 6a | 6f 69 6e 65 64 20 4e 41 |Greece j|oined NA|
|00003200| 54 4f 2e 20 47 72 65 65 | 63 65 20 62 65 63 61 6d |TO. Gree|ce becam|
|00003210| 65 20 61 6e 20 61 73 73 | 6f 63 69 61 74 69 76 65 |e an ass|ociative|
|00003220| 20 6d 65 6d 62 65 72 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 45 | member |of the E|
|00003230| 45 43 20 28 6e 6f 77 20 | 45 55 29 20 69 6e 20 31 |EC (now |EU) in 1|
|00003240| 39 36 32 2e 20 49 6e 20 | 31 39 36 37 2c 20 74 68 |962. In |1967, th|
|00003250| 65 20 47 72 65 65 6b 20 | 61 72 6d 79 20 74 6f 6f |e Greek |army too|
|00003260| 6b 20 6f 76 65 72 20 74 | 68 65 20 67 6f 76 65 72 |k over t|he gover|
|00003270| 6e 6d 65 6e 74 2c 20 63 | 6c 61 69 6d 69 6e 67 20 |nment, c|laiming |
|00003280| 74 6f 20 62 65 20 70 72 | 65 76 65 6e 74 69 6e 67 |to be pr|eventing|
|00003290| 20 61 20 63 6f 6d 6d 75 | 6e 69 73 74 20 63 6f 75 | a commu|nist cou|
|000032a0| 70 2e 20 4c 69 65 75 74 | 65 6e 61 6e 74 2d 47 65 |p. Lieut|enant-Ge|
|000032b0| 6e 65 72 61 6c 20 47 65 | 6f 72 67 69 6f 73 20 50 |neral Ge|orgios P|
|000032c0| 61 70 61 64 6f 70 6f 75 | 6c 6f 73 20 62 65 63 61 |apadopou|los beca|
|000032d0| 6d 65 20 70 72 69 6d 65 | 20 6d 69 6e 69 73 74 65 |me prime| ministe|
|000032e0| 72 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 61 | 20 72 65 67 65 6e 74 20 |r, and a| regent |
|000032f0| 77 61 73 20 61 70 70 6f | 69 6e 74 65 64 20 74 6f |was appo|inted to|
|00003300| 20 61 63 74 20 66 6f 72 | 20 74 68 65 20 6b 69 6e | act for| the kin|
|00003310| 67 2e 20 49 6e 20 31 39 | 37 33 20 47 72 65 65 63 |g. In 19|73 Greec|
|00003320| 65 20 61 62 6f 6c 69 73 | 68 65 64 20 69 74 73 20 |e abolis|hed its |
|00003330| 6d 6f 6e 61 72 63 68 79 | 20 61 6e 64 20 62 65 63 |monarchy| and bec|
|00003340| 61 6d 65 20 61 20 72 65 | 70 75 62 6c 69 63 2c 20 |ame a re|public, |
|00003350| 77 69 74 68 20 50 61 70 | 61 64 6f 70 6f 75 6c 6f |with Pap|adopoulo|
|00003360| 73 20 61 73 20 70 72 65 | 73 69 64 65 6e 74 2e 20 |s as pre|sident. |
|00003370| 50 65 61 63 65 2c 20 68 | 6f 77 65 76 65 72 2c 20 |Peace, h|owever, |
|00003380| 64 69 64 20 6e 6f 74 20 | 6c 61 73 74 20 6c 6f 6e |did not |last lon|
|00003390| 67 2e 20 54 68 65 20 61 | 72 6d 79 20 6f 76 65 72 |g. The a|rmy over|
|000033a0| 74 68 72 65 77 20 50 61 | 70 61 64 6f 70 6f 75 6c |threw Pa|padopoul|
|000033b0| 6f 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | 74 68 65 20 63 69 76 69 |os, and |the civi|
|000033c0| 6c 20 77 61 72 20 69 6e | 20 43 79 70 72 75 73 2c |l war in| Cyprus,|
|000033d0| 20 69 6e 73 74 69 67 61 | 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 | instiga|ted by t|
|000033e0| 68 65 20 54 75 72 6b 69 | 73 68 20 69 6e 76 61 73 |he Turki|sh invas|
|000033f0| 69 6f 6e 2c 20 61 6c 6d | 6f 73 74 20 6c 65 64 20 |ion, alm|ost led |
|00003400| 74 68 65 20 47 72 65 65 | 6b 73 20 74 6f 20 77 61 |the Gree|ks to wa|
|00003410| 72 20 61 67 61 69 6e 73 | 74 20 54 75 72 6b 65 79 |r agains|t Turkey|
|00003420| 2e 20 45 76 65 6e 74 75 | 61 6c 6c 79 2c 20 74 68 |. Eventu|ally, th|
|00003430| 65 20 61 72 6d 79 20 77 | 61 73 20 72 65 70 6c 61 |e army w|as repla|
|00003440| 63 65 64 20 62 79 20 61 | 20 73 6f 63 69 61 6c 69 |ced by a| sociali|
|00003450| 73 74 20 67 6f 76 65 72 | 6e 6d 65 6e 74 2e 20 47 |st gover|nment. G|
|00003460| 72 65 65 63 65 20 62 65 | 63 61 6d 65 20 74 68 65 |reece be|came the|
|00003470| 20 74 65 6e 74 68 20 66 | 75 6c 6c 20 6d 65 6d 62 | tenth f|ull memb|
|00003480| 65 72 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 45 43 20 28 6e 6f |er of th|e EC (no|
|00003490| 77 20 45 55 29 20 69 6e | 20 31 39 37 39 2e 20 54 |w EU) in| 1979. T|
|000034a0| 65 6e 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 54 75 72 |ensions |with Tur|
|000034b0| 6b 65 79 20 77 65 72 65 | 20 61 6c 6c 65 76 69 61 |key were| allevia|
|000034c0| 74 65 64 20 73 6f 6d 65 | 77 68 61 74 20 69 6e 20 |ted some|what in |
|000034d0| 31 39 38 38 20 62 79 20 | 74 68 65 20 66 69 72 73 |1988 by |the firs|
|000034e0| 74 20 76 69 73 69 74 20 | 74 6f 20 47 72 65 65 63 |t visit |to Greec|
|000034f0| 65 20 6f 66 20 61 20 54 | 75 72 6b 69 73 68 20 70 |e of a T|urkish p|
|00003500| 72 69 6d 65 20 6d 69 6e | 69 73 74 65 72 20 73 69 |rime min|ister si|
|00003510| 6e 63 65 20 31 39 35 32 | 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 61 74 |nce 1952|, and at|
|00003520| 20 61 62 6f 75 74 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 | about t|he same |
|00003530| 74 69 6d 65 2c 20 47 72 | 65 65 63 65 20 66 6f 72 |time, Gr|eece for|
|00003540| 6d 61 6c 6c 79 20 65 6e | 64 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 |mally en|ded the |
|00003550| 73 74 61 74 65 20 6f 66 | 20 77 61 72 20 77 68 69 |state of| war whi|
|00003560| 63 68 20 68 61 64 20 74 | 65 63 68 6e 69 63 61 6c |ch had t|echnical|
|00003570| 6c 79 20 65 78 69 73 74 | 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 |ly exist|ed with |
|00003580| 41 6c 62 61 6e 69 61 20 | 73 69 6e 63 65 20 31 39 |Albania |since 19|
|00003590| 34 30 2e 20 49 6e 20 6c | 61 74 65 20 31 39 38 38 |40. In l|ate 1988|
|000035a0| 2c 20 74 68 65 20 4b 6f | 73 6b 6f 74 6f 73 20 61 |, the Ko|skotos a|
|000035b0| 66 66 61 69 72 2c 20 63 | 6f 6e 63 65 72 6e 69 6e |ffair, c|oncernin|
|000035c0| 67 20 66 72 61 75 64 20 | 61 6e 64 20 65 6d 62 65 |g fraud |and embe|
|000035d0| 7a 7a 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 | 20 63 68 61 72 67 65 73 |zzlement| charges|
|000035e0| 20 61 67 61 69 6e 73 74 | 20 67 6f 76 65 72 6e 6d | against| governm|
|000035f0| 65 6e 74 20 6d 69 6e 69 | 73 74 65 72 73 20 61 6e |ent mini|sters an|
|00003600| 64 20 6f 66 66 69 63 69 | 61 6c 73 2c 20 64 6f 6d |d offici|als, dom|
|00003610| 69 6e 61 74 65 64 20 47 | 72 65 65 6b 20 70 6f 6c |inated G|reek pol|
|00003620| 69 74 69 63 73 2e 20 50 | 72 69 6d 65 20 4d 69 6e |itics. P|rime Min|
|00003630| 69 73 74 65 72 20 41 6e | 64 72 65 61 73 20 50 61 |ister An|dreas Pa|
|00003640| 70 61 6e 64 72 65 6f 75 | 20 73 74 65 70 70 65 64 |pandreou| stepped|
|00003650| 20 64 6f 77 6e 20 61 6e | 64 20 61 20 63 6f 61 6c | down an|d a coal|
|00003660| 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 67 6f | 76 65 72 6e 6d 65 6e 74 |ition go|vernment|
|00003670| 20 66 6f 72 6d 65 64 20 | 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 43 | formed |by the C|
|00003680| 6f 6d 6d 75 6e 69 73 74 | 73 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 |ommunist|s and th|
|00003690| 65 20 4e 65 77 20 44 65 | 6d 6f 63 72 61 63 72 61 |e New De|mocracra|
|000036a0| 74 73 20 28 4e 44 29 20 | 77 61 73 20 69 6e 73 74 |ts (ND) |was inst|
|000036b0| 61 6c 6c 65 64 2e 20 54 | 68 65 69 72 20 66 69 72 |alled. T|heir fir|
|000036c0| 73 74 20 6a 6f 62 20 77 | 61 73 20 74 6f 20 69 6e |st job w|as to in|
|000036d0| 76 65 73 74 69 67 61 74 | 65 20 66 75 72 74 68 65 |vestigat|e furthe|
|000036e0| 72 20 74 68 65 20 4b 6f | 73 6b 6f 74 6f 73 20 61 |r the Ko|skotos a|
|000036f0| 66 66 61 69 72 20 61 6e | 64 20 74 6f 20 72 65 76 |ffair an|d to rev|
|00003700| 65 72 73 65 20 74 68 65 | 20 77 6f 72 73 65 6e 69 |erse the| worseni|
|00003710| 6e 67 20 65 63 6f 6e 6f | 6d 69 63 20 74 72 65 6e |ng econo|mic tren|
|00003720| 64 73 2e 20 48 6f 77 65 | 76 65 72 2c 20 69 6e 20 |ds. Howe|ver, in |
|00003730| 31 39 39 33 20 50 61 70 | 61 6e 64 72 65 6f 75 20 |1993 Pap|andreou |
|00003740| 72 65 74 75 72 6e 65 64 | 20 61 73 20 70 72 69 6d |returned| as prim|
|00003750| 65 20 6d 69 6e 69 73 74 | 65 72 2e 0a 00 01 00 31 |e minist|er.....1|
|00003760| 30 32 36 34 32 30 30 00 | 01 00 31 39 39 32 00 04 |0264200.|..1992..|
|00003770| 00 45 6e 67 6c 69 73 68 | 00 46 72 65 6e 63 68 00 |.English|.French.|
|00003780| 47 72 65 65 6b 00 54 75 | 72 6b 69 73 68 00 01 00 |Greek.Tu|rkish...|
|00003790| 47 72 65 65 63 65 00 01 | 00 48 65 6c 6c 65 6e 69 |Greece..|.Helleni|
|000037a0| 63 20 52 65 70 75 62 6c | 69 63 00 01 00 47 72 65 |c Republ|ic...Gre|
|000037b0| 65 63 65 20 68 61 73 20 | 61 20 6d 69 78 65 64 20 |ece has |a mixed |
|000037c0| 63 61 70 69 74 61 6c 69 | 73 74 20 65 63 6f 6e 6f |capitali|st econo|
|000037d0| 6d 79 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 61 20 62 61 73 69 63 20 |my with |a basic |
|000037e0| 65 6e 74 72 65 70 72 65 | 6e 65 75 72 69 61 6c 20 |entrepre|neurial |
|000037f0| 73 79 73 74 65 6d 2e 20 | 54 68 69 73 20 77 61 73 |system. |This was|
|00003800| 20 6f 76 65 72 6c 61 69 | 64 20 62 79 20 61 20 73 | overlai|d by a s|
|00003810| 6f 63 69 61 6c 69 73 74 | 20 67 6f 76 65 72 6e 6d |ocialist| governm|
|00003820| 65 6e 74 20 77 68 69 63 | 68 20 65 6e 6c 61 72 67 |ent whic|h enlarg|
|00003830| 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 70 | 75 62 6c 69 63 20 73 65 |ed the p|ublic se|
|00003840| 63 74 6f 72 20 66 72 6f | 6d 20 35 35 25 20 6f 66 |ctor fro|m 55% of|
|00003850| 20 47 44 50 20 69 6e 20 | 31 39 38 31 2c 20 74 6f | GDP in |1981, to|
|00003860| 20 61 62 6f 75 74 20 37 | 30 25 20 69 6e 20 31 39 | about 7|0% in 19|
|00003870| 38 39 2e 20 54 6f 75 72 | 69 73 6d 20 63 6f 6e 74 |89. Tour|ism cont|
|00003880| 69 6e 75 65 73 20 61 73 | 20 61 20 6d 61 6a 6f 72 |inues as| a major|
|00003890| 20 69 6e 64 75 73 74 72 | 79 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 61 | industr|y, and a|
|000038a0| 67 72 69 63 75 6c 74 75 | 72 65 2c 20 61 6c 74 68 |gricultu|re, alth|
|000038b0| 6f 75 67 68 20 68 61 6e | 64 69 63 61 70 70 65 64 |ough han|dicapped|
|000038c0| 20 62 79 20 67 65 6f 67 | 72 61 70 68 69 63 20 6c | by geog|raphic l|
|000038d0| 69 6d 69 74 61 74 69 6f | 6e 73 20 61 6e 64 20 73 |imitatio|ns and s|
|000038e0| 6d 61 6c 6c 2c 20 66 72 | 61 67 6d 65 6e 74 65 64 |mall, fr|agmented|
|000038f0| 20 66 61 72 6d 73 2c 20 | 69 73 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 | farms, |is more |
|00003900| 6f 72 20 6c 65 73 73 20 | 73 65 6c 66 2d 73 75 66 |or less |self-suf|
|00003910| 66 69 63 69 65 6e 74 2e | 20 54 68 65 20 4d 69 74 |ficient.| The Mit|
|00003920| 73 6f 74 61 6b 69 73 20 | 67 6f 76 65 72 6e 6d 65 |sotakis |governme|
|00003930| 6e 74 20 69 6e 68 65 72 | 69 74 65 64 20 73 65 76 |nt inher|ited sev|
|00003940| 65 72 61 6c 20 73 65 76 | 65 72 65 20 65 63 6f 6e |eral sev|ere econ|
|00003950| 6f 6d 69 63 20 70 72 6f | 62 6c 65 6d 73 20 66 72 |omic pro|blems fr|
|00003960| 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 70 | 72 65 63 65 64 69 6e 67 |om the p|receding|
|00003970| 20 73 6f 63 69 61 6c 69 | 73 74 20 61 6e 64 20 63 | sociali|st and c|
|00003980| 61 72 65 74 61 6b 65 72 | 20 61 64 6d 69 6e 69 73 |aretaker| adminis|
|00003990| 74 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 68 |trations| which h|
|000039a0| 61 64 20 6e 65 67 6c 65 | 63 74 65 64 20 74 68 65 |ad negle|cted the|
|000039b0| 20 72 75 6e 61 77 61 79 | 20 62 75 64 67 65 74 20 | runaway| budget |
|000039c0| 64 65 66 69 63 69 74 2c | 20 74 68 65 20 62 61 6c |deficit,| the bal|
|000039d0| 6c 6f 6f 6e 69 6e 67 20 | 63 75 72 72 65 6e 74 20 |looning |current |
|000039e0| 61 63 63 6f 75 6e 74 20 | 64 65 66 69 63 69 74 2c |account |deficit,|
|000039f0| 20 61 6e 64 20 61 63 63 | 65 6c 65 72 61 74 69 6e | and acc|eleratin|
|00003a00| 67 20 69 6e 66 6c 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 2e 20 49 6e 20 |g inflat|ion. In |
|00003a10| 65 61 72 6c 79 20 31 39 | 39 31 2c 20 74 68 65 20 |early 19|91, the |
|00003a20| 67 6f 76 65 72 6e 6d 65 | 6e 74 20 73 65 63 75 72 |governme|nt secur|
|00003a30| 65 64 20 61 20 55 53 24 | 32 2e 35 20 62 69 6c 6c |ed a US$|2.5 bill|
|00003a40| 69 6f 6e 20 61 73 73 69 | 73 74 61 6e 63 65 20 70 |ion assi|stance p|
|00003a50| 61 63 6b 61 67 65 20 66 | 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 |ackage f|rom the |
|00003a60| 45 43 20 28 6e 6f 77 20 | 45 55 29 20 75 6e 64 65 |EC (now |EU) unde|
|00003a70| 72 20 74 68 65 20 73 74 | 72 69 63 74 65 73 74 20 |r the st|rictest |
|00003a80| 74 65 72 6d 73 20 79 65 | 74 20 69 6d 70 6f 73 65 |terms ye|t impose|
|00003a90| 64 20 6f 6e 20 61 20 6d | 65 6d 62 65 72 20 63 6f |d on a m|ember co|
|00003aa0| 75 6e 74 72 79 2c 20 61 | 73 20 74 68 65 20 45 43 |untry, a|s the EC|
|00003ab0| 20 66 69 6e 61 6c 6c 79 | 20 72 61 6e 20 6f 75 74 | finally| ran out|
|00003ac0| 20 6f 66 20 70 61 74 69 | 65 6e 63 65 20 77 69 74 | of pati|ence wit|
|00003ad0| 68 20 47 72 65 65 63 65 | 27 73 20 66 61 69 6c 75 |h Greece|'s failu|
|00003ae0| 72 65 20 74 6f 20 70 75 | 74 20 69 74 73 20 66 69 |re to pu|t its fi|
|00003af0| 6e 61 6e 63 69 61 6c 20 | 61 66 66 61 69 72 73 20 |nancial |affairs |
|00003b00| 69 6e 20 6f 72 64 65 72 | 2e 20 4f 76 65 72 20 74 |in order|. Over t|
|00003b10| 68 65 20 6e 65 78 74 20 | 63 6f 75 70 6c 65 20 6f |he next |couple o|
|00003b20| 66 20 79 65 61 72 73 2c | 20 41 74 68 65 6e 73 20 |f years,| Athens |
|00003b30| 68 61 64 20 74 6f 20 62 | 72 69 6e 67 20 69 6e 66 |had to b|ring inf|
|00003b40| 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 64 | 6f 77 6e 20 74 6f 20 37 |lation d|own to 7|
|00003b50| 25 2c 20 63 75 74 20 74 | 68 65 20 63 75 72 72 65 |%, cut t|he curre|
|00003b60| 6e 74 20 61 63 63 6f 75 | 6e 74 20 64 65 66 69 63 |nt accou|nt defic|
|00003b70| 69 74 20 61 6e 64 20 63 | 65 6e 74 72 61 6c 20 67 |it and c|entral g|
|00003b80| 6f 76 65 72 6e 6d 65 6e | 74 20 62 6f 72 72 6f 77 |overnmen|t borrow|
|00003b90| 69 6e 67 20 61 73 20 61 | 20 70 65 72 63 65 6e 74 |ing as a| percent|
|00003ba0| 61 67 65 20 6f 66 20 47 | 44 50 2c 20 73 6c 61 73 |age of G|DP, slas|
|00003bb0| 68 20 70 75 62 6c 69 63 | 2d 73 65 63 74 6f 72 20 |h public|-sector |
|00003bc0| 65 6d 70 6c 6f 79 6d 65 | 6e 74 20 62 79 20 31 30 |employme|nt by 10|
|00003bd0| 25 2c 20 63 75 72 62 20 | 70 6f 6c 69 63 79 2d 73 |%, curb |policy-s|
|00003be0| 65 63 74 6f 72 20 70 61 | 79 20 72 69 73 65 73 2c |ector pa|y rises,|
|00003bf0| 20 61 6e 64 20 62 72 6f | 61 64 65 6e 20 74 68 65 | and bro|aden the|
|00003c00| 20 74 61 78 20 62 61 73 | 65 2e 0a 00 01 00 37 37 | tax bas|e.....77|
|00003c10| 2e 37 39 00 01 00 54 68 | 65 20 70 61 72 6c 69 61 |.79...Th|e parlia|
|00003c20| 6d 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 | 47 72 65 65 63 65 20 61 |ment of |Greece a|
|00003c30| 6c 77 61 79 73 20 63 6f | 6e 73 69 73 74 73 20 6f |lways co|nsists o|
|00003c40| 66 20 62 65 74 77 65 65 | 6e 20 32 30 30 20 61 6e |f betwee|n 200 an|
|00003c50| 64 20 33 30 30 20 64 65 | 70 75 74 69 65 73 2c 20 |d 300 de|puties, |
|00003c60| 65 61 63 68 20 6f 66 20 | 77 68 6f 6d 20 69 73 20 |each of |whom is |
|00003c70| 61 70 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 | 64 20 62 79 20 73 65 63 |appointe|d by sec|
|00003c80| 72 65 74 20 62 61 6c 6c | 6f 74 2e 20 41 73 20 61 |ret ball|ot. As a|
|00003c90| 20 70 61 72 6c 69 61 6d | 65 6e 74 61 72 79 20 64 | parliam|entary d|
|00003ca0| 65 6d 6f 63 72 61 63 79 | 2c 20 47 72 65 65 63 65 |emocracy|, Greece|
|00003cb0| 20 68 61 73 20 61 20 70 | 72 65 73 69 64 65 6e 74 | has a p|resident|
|00003cc0| 20 61 73 20 68 65 61 64 | 20 6f 66 20 73 74 61 74 | as head| of stat|
|00003cd0| 65 2c 20 77 68 6f 73 65 | 20 72 6f 6c 65 20 68 61 |e, whose| role ha|
|00003ce0| 73 20 62 65 65 6e 20 6c | 61 72 67 65 6c 79 20 61 |s been l|argely a|
|00003cf0| 20 63 65 72 65 6d 6f 6e | 69 61 6c 20 6f 6e 65 20 | ceremon|ial one |
|00003d00| 73 69 6e 63 65 20 31 39 | 38 36 2e 20 54 68 65 20 |since 19|86. The |
|00003d10| 70 72 65 73 69 64 65 6e | 74 27 73 20 6d 6f 73 74 |presiden|t's most|
|00003d20| 20 69 6d 70 6f 72 74 61 | 6e 74 20 64 75 74 79 20 | importa|nt duty |
|00003d30| 69 73 20 74 6f 20 63 68 | 6f 6f 73 65 20 74 68 65 |is to ch|oose the|
|00003d40| 20 70 72 69 6d 65 20 6d | 69 6e 69 73 74 65 72 20 | prime m|inister |
|00003d50| 28 75 73 75 61 6c 6c 79 | 20 74 68 65 20 6c 65 61 |(usually| the lea|
|00003d60| 64 65 72 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 6c 61 72 67 65 |der of t|he large|
|00003d70| 73 74 20 70 61 72 74 79 | 29 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 |st party|) and th|
|00003d80| 65 6e 2c 20 6f 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 70 72 69 6d 65 |en, on t|he prime|
|00003d90| 20 6d 69 6e 69 73 74 65 | 72 27 73 20 72 65 63 6f | ministe|r's reco|
|00003da0| 6d 6d 65 6e 64 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 2c 20 74 68 65 20 |mmendati|on, the |
|00003db0| 6f 74 68 65 72 20 6d 65 | 6d 62 65 72 73 20 6f 66 |other me|mbers of|
|00003dc0| 20 74 68 65 20 67 6f 76 | 65 72 6e 6d 65 6e 74 2e | the gov|ernment.|
|00003dd0| 20 41 6c 6c 20 42 69 6c | 6c 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 | All Bil|ls that |
|00003de0| 68 61 76 65 20 62 65 65 | 6e 20 70 61 73 73 65 64 |have bee|n passed|
|00003df0| 20 62 79 20 70 61 72 6c | 69 61 6d 65 6e 74 20 6d | by parl|iament m|
|00003e00| 75 73 74 20 62 65 20 61 | 70 70 72 6f 76 65 64 20 |ust be a|pproved |
|00003e10| 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 70 | 72 65 73 69 64 65 6e 74 |by the p|resident|
|00003e20| 20 62 65 66 6f 72 65 20 | 74 68 65 79 20 63 61 6e | before |they can|
|00003e30| 20 62 65 63 6f 6d 65 20 | 6c 61 77 2e 0a 00 05 00 | become |law.....|
|00003e40| 42 61 75 78 69 74 65 00 | 4c 69 67 6e 69 74 65 00 |Bauxite.|Lignite.|
|00003e50| 4d 61 67 6e 65 73 69 74 | 65 00 43 72 75 64 65 20 |Magnesit|e.Crude |
|00003e60| 6f 69 6c 00 4d 61 72 62 | 6c 65 00 01 00 31 33 31 |oil.Marb|le...131|
|00003e70| 39 34 30 00 01 00 73 71 | 20 6b 6d 00 52 45 43 44 |940...sq| km.RECD|
|00003e80| e4 15 00 00 00 00 59 00 | 00 00 62 00 00 00 a4 00 |......Y.|..b.....|
|00003e90| 00 00 a6 00 00 00 b0 00 | 00 00 bc 00 00 00 c6 00 |........|........|
|00003ea0| 00 00 c8 00 00 00 a5 0f | 00 00 b0 0f 00 00 b7 0f |........|........|
|00003eb0| 00 00 bf 0f 00 00 cd 0f | 00 00 ea 0f 00 00 a5 12 |........|........|
|00003ec0| 00 00 ae 12 00 00 af 15 | 00 00 d4 15 00 00 dc 15 |........|........|
|00003ed0| 00 00 01 00 44 41 54 41 | 49 4e 46 4f 00 44 41 54 |....DATA|INFO.DAT|
|00003ee0| 41 49 4e 46 4f 00 04 00 | 4f 76 65 72 76 69 65 77 |AINFO...|Overview|
|00003ef0| 2c 4f 56 45 52 56 49 45 | 57 00 48 69 73 74 6f 72 |,OVERVIE|W.Histor|
|00003f00| 79 2c 48 49 53 54 4f 52 | 59 00 45 63 6f 6e 6f 6d |y,HISTOR|Y.Econom|
|00003f10| 79 2c 45 43 4f 4e 4f 4d | 59 00 50 65 6f 70 6c 65 |y,ECONOM|Y.People|
|00003f20| 2c 50 45 4f 50 4c 45 00 | 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 |,PEOPLE.|........|
|00003f30| 00 00 3f 40 01 00 41 6d | 73 74 65 72 64 61 6d 00 |..?@..Am|sterdam.|
|00003f40| 01 00 47 75 69 6c 64 65 | 72 00 00 00 05 00 44 75 |..Guilde|r.....Du|
|00003f50| 72 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 | 20 4d 69 64 64 6c 65 20 |ring the| Middle |
|00003f60| 41 67 65 73 2c 20 74 68 | 65 20 61 72 65 61 20 6e |Ages, th|e area n|
|00003f70| 6f 77 20 6b 6e 6f 77 6e | 20 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 |ow known| as the |
|00003f80| 4e 65 74 68 65 72 6c 61 | 6e 64 73 20 63 6f 6d 70 |Netherla|nds comp|
|00003f90| 72 69 73 65 64 20 61 20 | 67 72 6f 75 70 20 6f 66 |rised a |group of|
|00003fa0| 20 61 75 74 6f 6e 6f 6d | 6f 75 73 20 64 75 63 68 | autonom|ous duch|
|00003fb0| 69 65 73 20 28 47 65 6c | 72 65 20 61 6e 64 20 42 |ies (Gel|re and B|
|00003fc0| 72 61 62 61 6e 74 29 2c | 20 61 6e 64 20 63 6f 75 |rabant),| and cou|
|00003fd0| 6e 74 69 65 73 20 28 48 | 6f 6c 6c 61 6e 64 20 61 |nties (H|olland a|
|00003fe0| 6e 64 20 5a 65 65 6c 61 | 6e 64 29 2c 20 74 6f 67 |nd Zeela|nd), tog|
|00003ff0| 65 74 68 65 72 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 42 |ether wi|th the B|
|00004000| 69 73 68 6f 70 72 69 63 | 20 6f 66 20 55 74 72 65 |ishopric| of Utre|
|00004010| 63 68 74 2e 20 55 6e 64 | 65 72 20 43 68 61 72 6c |cht. Und|er Charl|
|00004020| 65 73 20 56 20 28 31 35 | 30 30 2d 35 38 29 20 74 |es V (15|00-58) t|
|00004030| 68 65 73 65 20 74 65 72 | 72 69 74 6f 72 69 65 73 |hese ter|ritories|
|00004040| 2c 20 74 6f 67 65 74 68 | 65 72 20 77 69 74 68 20 |, togeth|er with |
|00004050| 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 2d | 64 61 79 20 42 65 6c 67 |present-|day Belg|
|00004060| 69 75 6d 20 61 6e 64 20 | 4c 75 78 65 6d 62 6f 75 |ium and |Luxembou|
|00004070| 72 67 2c 20 66 6f 72 6d | 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 4c |rg, form|ed the L|
|00004080| 6f 77 20 43 6f 75 6e 74 | 72 69 65 73 20 77 68 69 |ow Count|ries whi|
|00004090| 63 68 20 77 65 72 65 20 | 70 61 72 74 20 6f 66 20 |ch were |part of |
|000040a0| 74 68 65 20 67 72 65 61 | 74 20 42 75 72 67 75 6e |the grea|t Burgun|
|000040b0| 64 69 61 6e 2d 48 61 62 | 73 62 75 72 67 20 65 6d |dian-Hab|sburg em|
|000040c0| 70 69 72 65 2e 20 54 68 | 65 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 |pire. Th|e first |
|000040d0| 73 74 65 70 20 74 6f 77 | 61 72 64 73 20 65 73 74 |step tow|ards est|
|000040e0| 61 62 6c 69 73 68 69 6e | 67 20 61 6e 20 69 6e 64 |ablishin|g an ind|
|000040f0| 65 70 65 6e 64 65 6e 74 | 20 73 74 61 74 65 20 77 |ependent| state w|
|00004100| 61 73 20 74 61 6b 65 6e | 20 69 6e 20 31 35 36 38 |as taken| in 1568|
|00004110| 2c 20 77 68 65 6e 20 61 | 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 |, when a| number |
|00004120| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 70 | 72 6f 76 69 6e 63 65 73 |of the p|rovinces|
|00004130| 20 72 65 62 65 6c 6c 65 | 64 20 61 67 61 69 6e 73 | rebelle|d agains|
|00004140| 74 20 50 68 69 6c 69 70 | 20 49 49 20 6f 66 20 53 |t Philip| II of S|
|00004150| 70 61 69 6e 2c 20 73 6f | 76 65 72 65 69 67 6e 20 |pain, so|vereign |
|00004160| 72 75 6c 65 72 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 42 75 72 |ruler of| the Bur|
|00004170| 67 75 6e 64 69 61 6e 2d | 48 61 62 73 62 75 72 67 |gundian-|Habsburg|
|00004180| 20 64 6f 6d 61 69 6e 73 | 2e 20 54 68 65 20 72 65 | domains|. The re|
|00004190| 76 6f 6c 74 2c 20 6c 65 | 64 20 62 79 20 50 72 69 |volt, le|d by Pri|
|000041a0| 6e 63 65 20 57 69 6c 6c | 69 61 6d 20 6f 66 20 4f |nce Will|iam of O|
|000041b0| 72 61 6e 67 65 2c 20 6b | 6e 6f 77 6e 20 61 73 20 |range, k|nown as |
|000041c0| 27 74 68 65 20 66 61 74 | 68 65 72 20 6f 66 20 74 |'the fat|her of t|
|000041d0| 68 65 20 4e 65 74 68 65 | 72 6c 61 6e 64 73 27 2c |he Nethe|rlands',|
|000041e0| 20 6d 61 72 6b 65 64 20 | 74 68 65 20 62 65 67 69 | marked |the begi|
|000041f0| 6e 6e 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 45 69 67 |nning of| the Eig|
|00004200| 68 74 79 20 59 65 61 72 | 73 27 20 57 61 72 20 6f |hty Year|s' War o|
|00004210| 66 20 49 6e 64 65 70 65 | 6e 64 65 6e 63 65 2e 20 |f Indepe|ndence. |
|00004220| 54 68 65 20 50 65 61 63 | 65 20 6f 66 20 57 65 73 |The Peac|e of Wes|
|00004230| 74 70 68 61 6c 69 61 20 | 69 6e 20 31 36 34 38 20 |tphalia |in 1648 |
|00004240| 72 65 63 6f 67 6e 69 73 | 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 52 |recognis|ed the R|
|00004250| 65 70 75 62 6c 69 63 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 53 |epublic |of the S|
|00004260| 65 76 65 6e 20 55 6e 69 | 74 65 64 20 50 72 6f 76 |even Uni|ted Prov|
|00004270| 69 6e 63 65 73 20 61 73 | 20 61 6e 20 69 6e 64 65 |inces as| an inde|
|00004280| 70 65 6e 64 65 6e 74 20 | 73 74 61 74 65 2e 0a 00 |pendent |state...|
|00004290| 49 6e 20 74 68 65 20 31 | 37 74 68 20 63 65 6e 74 |In the 1|7th cent|
|000042a0| 75 72 79 2c 20 44 75 74 | 63 68 20 6d 65 72 63 68 |ury, Dut|ch merch|
|000042b0| 61 6e 74 73 20 65 73 74 | 61 62 6c 69 73 68 65 64 |ants est|ablished|
|000042c0| 20 74 72 61 64 69 6e 67 | 20 70 6f 73 74 73 20 61 | trading| posts a|
|000042d0| 6c 6c 20 6f 76 65 72 20 | 74 68 65 20 77 6f 72 6c |ll over |the worl|
|000042e0| 64 2e 20 54 68 65 20 70 | 65 72 69 6f 64 20 77 61 |d. The p|eriod wa|
|000042f0| 73 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 | 74 65 72 69 73 65 64 20 |s charac|terised |
|00004300| 62 79 20 61 6e 20 65 78 | 70 61 6e 73 69 6f 6e 20 |by an ex|pansion |
|00004310| 6f 66 20 74 72 61 64 65 | 20 61 6e 64 20 73 68 69 |of trade| and shi|
|00004320| 70 70 69 6e 67 2c 20 65 | 61 72 6e 69 6e 67 20 69 |pping, e|arning i|
|00004330| 74 20 74 68 65 20 6e 61 | 6d 65 20 74 68 65 20 27 |t the na|me the '|
|00004340| 47 6f 6c 64 65 6e 20 41 | 67 65 27 2e 20 54 68 65 |Golden A|ge'. The|
|00004350| 20 6c 65 61 64 69 6e 67 | 20 63 6f 6d 70 61 6e 69 | leading| compani|
|00004360| 65 73 20 77 65 72 65 20 | 74 68 65 20 44 75 74 63 |es were |the Dutc|
|00004370| 68 20 45 61 73 74 20 49 | 6e 64 69 61 20 43 6f 6d |h East I|ndia Com|
|00004380| 70 61 6e 79 20 77 68 69 | 63 68 20 74 72 61 64 65 |pany whi|ch trade|
|00004390| 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 | 68 65 20 46 61 72 20 45 |d with t|he Far E|
|000043a0| 61 73 74 2c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 74 68 65 20 57 65 73 |ast, and| the Wes|
|000043b0| 74 20 49 6e 64 69 61 20 | 43 6f 6d 70 61 6e 79 20 |t India |Company |
|000043c0| 74 72 61 64 69 6e 67 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 4e 65 77 |trading |with New|
|000043d0| 20 41 6d 73 74 65 72 64 | 61 6d 20 28 6f 72 20 4e | Amsterd|am (or N|
|000043e0| 65 77 20 59 6f 72 6b 20 | 61 73 20 69 74 20 6c 61 |ew York |as it la|
|000043f0| 74 65 72 20 62 65 63 61 | 6d 65 29 2e 20 54 68 65 |ter beca|me). The|
|00004400| 20 6e 65 65 64 20 74 6f | 20 70 72 6f 74 65 63 74 | need to| protect|
|00004410| 20 74 72 61 64 69 6e 67 | 20 69 6e 74 65 72 65 73 | trading| interes|
|00004420| 74 73 20 6c 65 64 20 74 | 6f 20 73 65 76 65 72 61 |ts led t|o severa|
|00004430| 6c 20 77 61 72 73 2c 20 | 6e 6f 74 61 62 6c 79 20 |l wars, |notably |
|00004440| 61 67 61 69 6e 73 74 20 | 45 6e 67 6c 61 6e 64 2e |against |England.|
|00004450| 20 49 6e 63 72 65 61 73 | 69 6e 67 20 70 72 6f 73 | Increas|ing pros|
|00004460| 70 65 72 69 74 79 20 62 | 72 6f 75 67 68 74 20 61 |perity b|rought a|
|00004470| 20 67 72 65 61 74 20 66 | 6c 6f 75 72 69 73 68 69 | great f|lourishi|
|00004480| 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 63 75 | 6c 74 75 72 65 2c 20 70 |ng of cu|lture, p|
|00004490| 61 72 74 69 63 75 6c 61 | 72 6c 79 20 70 61 69 6e |articula|rly pain|
|000044a0| 74 69 6e 67 2e 20 44 75 | 74 63 68 20 61 72 74 69 |ting. Du|tch arti|
|000044b0| 73 74 73 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 69 73 20 70 65 72 69 |sts of t|his peri|
|000044c0| 6f 64 2c 20 73 75 63 68 | 20 61 73 20 52 65 6d 62 |od, such| as Remb|
|000044d0| 72 61 6e 64 74 2c 20 56 | 65 72 6d 65 65 72 20 61 |randt, V|ermeer a|
|000044e0| 6e 64 20 46 72 61 6e 73 | 20 48 61 6c 73 2c 20 61 |nd Frans| Hals, a|
|000044f0| 72 65 20 66 61 6d 6f 75 | 73 20 61 6c 6c 20 6f 76 |re famou|s all ov|
|00004500| 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 77 | 6f 72 6c 64 2e 0a 00 54 |er the w|orld...T|
|00004510| 68 65 20 4e 65 74 68 65 | 72 6c 61 6e 64 73 20 72 |he Nethe|rlands r|
|00004520| 65 6d 61 69 6e 65 64 20 | 69 6e 64 65 70 65 6e 64 |emained |independ|
|00004530| 65 6e 74 20 75 6e 74 69 | 6c 20 74 68 65 20 46 72 |ent unti|l the Fr|
|00004540| 65 6e 63 68 20 52 65 76 | 6f 6c 75 74 69 6f 6e 2e |ench Rev|olution.|
|00004550| 20 49 6e 20 31 37 39 35 | 2c 20 74 68 65 20 4e 65 | In 1795|, the Ne|
|00004560| 74 68 65 72 6c 61 6e 64 | 73 20 62 65 63 61 6d 65 |therland|s became|
|00004570| 20 61 20 76 61 73 73 61 | 6c 20 73 74 61 74 65 20 | a vassa|l state |
|00004580| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 46 | 72 65 6e 63 68 20 65 6d |of the F|rench em|
|00004590| 70 69 72 65 2c 20 61 6e | 64 20 69 6e 20 31 38 31 |pire, an|d in 181|
|000045a0| 30 20 69 74 20 77 61 73 | 20 61 6e 6e 65 78 65 64 |0 it was| annexed|
|000045b0| 20 74 6f 20 46 72 61 6e | 63 65 20 62 79 20 4e 61 | to Fran|ce by Na|
|000045c0| 70 6f 6c 65 6f 6e 2e 20 | 57 68 65 6e 20 74 68 65 |poleon. |When the|
|000045d0| 20 46 72 65 6e 63 68 20 | 6f 63 63 75 70 61 74 69 | French |occupati|
|000045e0| 6f 6e 20 63 61 6d 65 20 | 74 6f 20 61 6e 20 65 6e |on came |to an en|
|000045f0| 64 20 69 6e 20 31 38 31 | 34 2c 20 74 68 65 20 4b |d in 181|4, the K|
|00004600| 69 6e 67 64 6f 6d 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 4e 65 |ingdom o|f the Ne|
|00004610| 74 68 65 72 6c 61 6e 64 | 73 2c 20 63 6f 6d 70 72 |therland|s, compr|
|00004620| 69 73 69 6e 67 20 74 68 | 65 20 4e 65 74 68 65 72 |ising th|e Nether|
|00004630| 6c 61 6e 64 73 20 61 6e | 64 20 70 72 65 73 65 6e |lands an|d presen|
|00004640| 74 2d 64 61 79 20 42 65 | 6c 67 69 75 6d 20 61 6e |t-day Be|lgium an|
|00004650| 64 20 4c 75 78 65 6d 62 | 6f 75 72 67 2c 20 63 61 |d Luxemb|ourg, ca|
|00004660| 6d 65 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 | 65 78 69 73 74 65 6e 63 |me into |existenc|
|00004670| 65 2e 20 54 68 65 20 66 | 69 72 73 74 20 6b 69 6e |e. The f|irst kin|
|00004680| 67 2c 20 57 69 6c 6c 69 | 61 6d 20 49 2c 20 50 72 |g, Willi|am I, Pr|
|00004690| 69 6e 63 65 20 6f 66 20 | 4f 72 61 6e 67 65 20 4e |ince of |Orange N|
|000046a0| 61 73 73 61 75 2c 20 77 | 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 73 |assau, w|as the s|
|000046b0| 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | 65 20 67 72 65 61 74 20 |on of th|e great |
|000046c0| 73 74 61 64 68 6f 6c 64 | 65 72 2c 20 57 69 6c 6c |stadhold|er, Will|
|000046d0| 69 61 6d 20 56 3b 20 68 | 65 20 77 61 73 20 61 6c |iam V; h|e was al|
|000046e0| 73 6f 20 47 72 61 6e 64 | 20 44 75 6b 65 20 6f 66 |so Grand| Duke of|
|000046f0| 20 4c 75 78 65 6d 62 6f | 75 72 67 2e 20 54 68 65 | Luxembo|urg. The|
|00004700| 20 63 6f 6e 73 74 69 74 | 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 | constit|ution of|
|00004710| 20 31 38 31 34 20 64 65 | 63 72 65 65 64 20 74 68 | 1814 de|creed th|
|00004720| 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 6b | 69 6e 67 20 73 68 6f 75 |at the k|ing shou|
|00004730| 6c 64 20 67 6f 76 65 72 | 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 |ld gover|n and th|
|00004740| 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 6d | 69 6e 69 73 74 65 72 73 |at the m|inisters|
|00004750| 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 | 62 65 20 61 63 63 6f 75 | should |be accou|
|00004760| 6e 74 61 62 6c 65 20 74 | 6f 20 68 69 6d 2e 20 49 |ntable t|o him. I|
|00004770| 74 20 77 61 73 20 72 65 | 76 69 73 65 64 20 69 6e |t was re|vised in|
|00004780| 20 31 38 34 38 2c 20 6d | 61 6b 69 6e 67 20 6d 69 | 1848, m|aking mi|
|00004790| 6e 69 73 74 65 72 73 20 | 61 63 63 6f 75 6e 74 61 |nisters |accounta|
|000047a0| 62 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 61 | 6e 20 65 6c 65 63 74 65 |ble to a|n electe|
|000047b0| 64 20 70 61 72 6c 69 61 | 6d 65 6e 74 20 72 61 74 |d parlia|ment rat|
|000047c0| 68 65 72 20 74 68 61 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 6b 69 6e |her than| the kin|
|000047d0| 67 2e 20 54 68 65 20 6e | 65 77 20 63 6f 6e 73 74 |g. The n|ew const|
|000047e0| 69 74 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 63 72 65 61 74 65 64 20 |itution |created |
|000047f0| 74 68 65 20 62 61 73 69 | 73 20 6f 66 20 61 20 63 |the basi|s of a c|
|00004800| 6f 6e 73 74 69 74 75 74 | 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 6d 6f |onstitut|ional mo|
|00004810| 6e 61 72 63 68 79 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 61 20 70 61 |narchy w|ith a pa|
|00004820| 72 6c 69 61 6d 65 6e 74 | 61 72 79 20 73 79 73 74 |rliament|ary syst|
|00004830| 65 6d 2e 20 54 68 65 20 | 4e 65 74 68 65 72 6c 61 |em. The |Netherla|
|00004840| 6e 64 73 20 61 73 73 75 | 6d 65 64 20 69 74 73 20 |nds assu|med its |
|00004850| 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 20 | 66 6f 72 6d 20 77 68 65 |present |form whe|
|00004860| 6e 20 42 65 6c 67 69 75 | 6d 20 62 65 63 61 6d 65 |n Belgiu|m became|
|00004870| 20 69 6e 64 65 70 65 6e | 64 65 6e 74 20 69 6e 20 | indepen|dent in |
|00004880| 31 38 33 39 2e 20 54 68 | 65 20 6d 61 6c 65 20 73 |1839. Th|e male s|
|00004890| 75 63 63 65 73 73 69 6f | 6e 20 65 6e 64 65 64 20 |uccessio|n ended |
|000048a0| 69 6e 20 31 38 39 30 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 |in 1890 |with the|
|000048b0| 20 64 65 61 74 68 20 6f | 66 20 4b 69 6e 67 20 57 | death o|f King W|
|000048c0| 69 6c 6c 69 61 6d 20 49 | 49 49 2e 20 51 75 65 65 |illiam I|II. Quee|
|000048d0| 6e 20 57 69 6c 68 65 6c | 6d 69 6e 61 20 28 31 38 |n Wilhel|mina (18|
|000048e0| 38 30 2d 31 39 36 32 29 | 20 62 65 63 61 6d 65 20 |80-1962)| became |
|000048f0| 68 65 61 64 20 6f 66 20 | 73 74 61 74 65 2c 20 77 |head of |state, w|
|00004900| 69 74 68 20 68 65 72 20 | 6d 6f 74 68 65 72 20 51 |ith her |mother Q|
|00004910| 75 65 65 6e 20 45 6d 6d | 61 20 61 63 74 69 6e 67 |ueen Emm|a acting|
|00004920| 20 61 73 20 72 65 67 65 | 6e 74 20 75 6e 74 69 6c | as rege|nt until|
|00004930| 20 31 38 39 38 2e 0a 00 | 44 75 72 69 6e 67 20 57 | 1898...|During W|
|00004940| 6f 72 6c 64 20 57 61 72 | 20 49 2c 20 74 68 65 20 |orld War| I, the |
|00004950| 4e 65 74 68 65 72 6c 61 | 6e 64 73 20 72 65 6d 61 |Netherla|nds rema|
|00004960| 69 6e 65 64 20 6e 65 75 | 74 72 61 6c 2c 20 74 68 |ined neu|tral, th|
|00004970| 6f 75 67 68 20 6e 6f 74 | 20 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74 |ough not| without|
|00004980| 20 64 69 66 66 69 63 75 | 6c 74 79 2e 20 49 74 20 | difficu|lty. It |
|00004990| 63 6f 6e 74 69 6e 75 65 | 64 20 74 6f 20 70 75 72 |continue|d to pur|
|000049a0| 73 75 65 20 61 20 70 6f | 6c 69 63 79 20 6f 66 20 |sue a po|licy of |
|000049b0| 73 74 72 69 63 74 20 6e | 65 75 74 72 61 6c 69 74 |strict n|eutralit|
|000049c0| 79 20 75 6e 74 69 6c 20 | 57 6f 72 6c 64 20 57 61 |y until |World Wa|
|000049d0| 72 20 49 49 2c 20 62 75 | 74 20 77 61 73 20 6e 65 |r II, bu|t was ne|
|000049e0| 76 65 72 74 68 65 6c 65 | 73 73 20 61 74 74 61 63 |verthele|ss attac|
|000049f0| 6b 65 64 20 61 6e 64 20 | 69 6e 76 61 64 65 64 20 |ked and |invaded |
|00004a00| 62 79 20 47 65 72 6d 61 | 6e 79 20 69 6e 20 31 39 |by Germa|ny in 19|
|00004a10| 34 30 20 61 6e 64 20 6f | 63 63 75 70 69 65 64 20 |40 and o|ccupied |
|00004a20| 66 6f 72 20 35 20 79 65 | 61 72 73 2e 20 51 75 65 |for 5 ye|ars. Que|
|00004a30| 65 6e 20 57 69 6c 68 65 | 6c 6d 69 6e 61 20 6c 65 |en Wilhe|lmina le|
|00004a40| 66 74 20 74 68 65 20 4e | 65 74 68 65 72 6c 61 6e |ft the N|etherlan|
|00004a50| 64 73 20 69 6e 20 4d 61 | 79 20 31 39 34 30 20 61 |ds in Ma|y 1940 a|
|00004a60| 6e 64 20 73 70 65 6e 74 | 20 74 68 65 20 77 61 72 |nd spent| the war|
|00004a70| 20 79 65 61 72 73 20 69 | 6e 20 45 6e 67 6c 61 6e | years i|n Englan|
|00004a80| 64 2e 20 53 68 65 20 61 | 62 64 69 63 61 74 65 64 |d. She a|bdicated|
|00004a90| 20 69 6e 20 31 39 34 38 | 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 61 | in 1948| after a|
|00004aa0| 20 72 65 69 67 6e 20 6f | 66 20 35 30 20 79 65 61 | reign o|f 50 yea|
|00004ab0| 72 73 2c 20 69 6e 20 66 | 61 76 6f 75 72 20 6f 66 |rs, in f|avour of|
|00004ac0| 20 68 65 72 20 64 61 75 | 67 68 74 65 72 2c 20 4a | her dau|ghter, J|
|00004ad0| 75 6c 69 61 6e 61 2e 20 | 51 75 65 65 6e 20 4a 75 |uliana. |Queen Ju|
|00004ae0| 6c 69 61 6e 61 20 61 62 | 64 69 63 61 74 65 64 20 |liana ab|dicated |
|00004af0| 6f 6e 20 33 30 20 41 70 | 72 69 6c 20 31 39 38 30 |on 30 Ap|ril 1980|
|00004b00| 20 61 6e 64 20 77 61 73 | 20 73 75 63 63 65 65 64 | and was| succeed|
|00004b10| 65 64 20 62 79 20 68 65 | 72 20 65 6c 64 65 73 74 |ed by he|r eldest|
|00004b20| 20 64 61 75 67 68 74 65 | 72 2c 20 42 65 61 74 72 | daughte|r, Beatr|
|00004b30| 69 78 2e 0a 00 54 68 65 | 20 4e 65 74 68 65 72 6c |ix...The| Netherl|
|00004b40| 61 6e 64 73 20 77 61 73 | 20 61 20 6d 61 6a 6f 72 |ands was| a major|
|00004b50| 20 63 6f 6c 6f 6e 69 61 | 6c 20 70 6f 77 65 72 20 | colonia|l power |
|00004b60| 75 6e 74 69 6c 20 57 6f | 72 6c 64 20 57 61 72 20 |until Wo|rld War |
|00004b70| 49 49 2c 20 62 75 74 20 | 61 66 74 65 72 20 31 39 |II, but |after 19|
|00004b80| 34 35 20 74 68 65 20 63 | 6f 6c 6f 6e 69 65 73 20 |45 the c|olonies |
|00004b90| 71 75 69 63 6b 6c 79 20 | 62 65 63 61 6d 65 20 69 |quickly |became i|
|00004ba0| 6e 64 65 70 65 6e 64 65 | 6e 74 2e 20 49 6e 64 6f |ndepende|nt. Indo|
|00004bb0| 6e 65 73 69 61 20 73 65 | 76 65 72 65 64 20 61 6c |nesia se|vered al|
|00004bc0| 6c 20 69 74 73 20 63 6f | 6e 73 74 69 74 75 74 69 |l its co|nstituti|
|00004bd0| 6f 6e 61 6c 20 6c 69 6e | 6b 73 20 77 69 74 68 20 |onal lin|ks with |
|00004be0| 74 68 65 20 4e 65 74 68 | 65 72 6c 61 6e 64 73 2e |the Neth|erlands.|
|00004bf0| 20 53 75 72 69 6e 61 6d | 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 | Surinam| and the|
|00004c00| 20 4e 65 74 68 65 72 6c | 61 6e 64 73 20 41 6e 74 | Netherl|ands Ant|
|00004c10| 69 6c 6c 65 73 20 62 65 | 63 61 6d 65 20 65 71 75 |illes be|came equ|
|00004c20| 61 6c 20 70 61 72 74 6e | 65 72 73 20 77 69 74 68 |al partn|ers with|
|00004c30| 20 74 68 65 20 4e 65 74 | 68 65 72 6c 61 6e 64 73 | the Net|herlands|
|00004c40| 20 75 6e 64 65 72 20 74 | 68 65 20 43 68 61 72 74 | under t|he Chart|
|00004c50| 65 72 20 66 6f 72 20 74 | 68 65 20 4b 69 6e 67 64 |er for t|he Kingd|
|00004c60| 6f 6d 20 6f 66 20 31 39 | 35 34 2c 20 77 68 69 63 |om of 19|54, whic|
|00004c70| 68 20 6c 61 69 64 20 64 | 6f 77 6e 20 74 68 61 74 |h laid d|own that|
|00004c80| 20 74 68 65 20 4e 65 74 | 68 65 72 6c 61 6e 64 73 | the Net|herlands|
|00004c90| 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 64 | 65 61 6c 20 77 69 74 68 | would d|eal with|
|00004ca0| 20 66 6f 72 65 69 67 6e | 20 61 66 66 61 69 72 73 | foreign| affairs|
|00004cb0| 20 61 6e 64 20 64 65 66 | 65 6e 63 65 20 6f 6e 20 | and def|ence on |
|00004cc0| 62 65 68 61 6c 66 20 6f | 66 20 69 74 73 20 74 77 |behalf o|f its tw|
|00004cd0| 6f 20 66 6f 72 6d 65 72 | 20 63 6f 6c 6f 6e 69 65 |o former| colonie|
|00004ce0| 73 2e 20 53 75 72 69 6e | 61 6d 20 62 65 63 61 6d |s. Surin|am becam|
|00004cf0| 65 20 61 6e 20 69 6e 64 | 65 70 65 6e 64 65 6e 74 |e an ind|ependent|
|00004d00| 20 72 65 70 75 62 6c 69 | 63 20 6f 6e 20 32 35 20 | republi|c on 25 |
|00004d10| 4e 6f 76 65 6d 62 65 72 | 20 31 39 37 35 2e 20 41 |November| 1975. A|
|00004d20| 72 75 62 61 20 68 61 73 | 20 68 61 64 20 73 65 70 |ruba has| had sep|
|00004d30| 61 72 61 74 65 20 73 74 | 61 74 75 73 20 66 72 6f |arate st|atus fro|
|00004d40| 6d 20 74 68 65 20 6f 74 | 68 65 72 20 4e 65 74 68 |m the ot|her Neth|
|00004d50| 65 72 6c 61 6e 64 73 20 | 41 6e 74 69 6c 6c 65 73 |erlands |Antilles|
|00004d60| 20 28 43 75 72 61 63 61 | 6f 2c 20 42 6f 6e 61 69 | (Curaca|o, Bonai|
|00004d70| 72 65 2c 20 53 74 20 45 | 75 73 74 61 74 69 75 73 |re, St E|ustatius|
|00004d80| 2c 20 53 61 62 61 20 61 | 6e 64 20 53 74 20 4d 61 |, Saba a|nd St Ma|
|00004d90| 61 72 74 65 6e 29 20 61 | 6e 64 20 69 73 20 73 63 |arten) a|nd is sc|
|00004da0| 68 65 64 75 6c 65 64 20 | 66 6f 72 20 66 75 6c 6c |heduled |for full|
|00004db0| 20 69 6e 64 65 70 65 6e | 64 65 6e 63 65 20 69 6e | indepen|dence in|
|00004dc0| 20 31 39 39 36 2e 20 44 | 75 72 69 6e 67 20 74 68 | 1996. D|uring th|
|00004dd0| 65 20 6c 61 73 74 20 32 | 30 20 79 65 61 72 73 20 |e last 2|0 years |
|00004de0| 6f 72 20 73 6f 2c 20 70 | 6f 6c 69 74 69 63 73 20 |or so, p|olitics |
|00004df0| 68 61 73 20 62 65 65 6e | 20 64 6f 6d 69 6e 61 74 |has been| dominat|
|00004e00| 65 64 20 62 79 20 73 6c | 69 67 68 74 6c 79 20 27 |ed by sl|ightly '|
|00004e10| 6f 66 66 2d 63 65 6e 74 | 72 65 27 20 63 6f 61 6c |off-cent|re' coal|
|00004e20| 69 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e 0a | 00 01 00 31 35 30 30 38 |itions..|...15008|
|00004e30| 36 30 30 00 01 00 31 39 | 39 32 00 01 00 44 75 74 |600...19|92...Dut|
|00004e40| 63 68 00 01 00 4e 65 74 | 68 65 72 6c 61 6e 64 73 |ch...Net|herlands|
|00004e50| 00 01 00 4b 69 6e 67 64 | 6f 6d 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |...Kingd|om of th|
|00004e60| 65 20 4e 65 74 68 65 72 | 6c 61 6e 64 73 00 01 00 |e Nether|lands...|
|00004e70| 54 68 69 73 20 68 69 67 | 68 6c 79 20 64 65 76 65 |This hig|hly deve|
|00004e80| 6c 6f 70 65 64 20 61 6e | 64 20 61 66 66 6c 75 65 |loped an|d afflue|
|00004e90| 6e 74 20 65 63 6f 6e 6f | 6d 79 20 69 73 20 62 61 |nt econo|my is ba|
|00004ea0| 73 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 70 | 72 69 76 61 74 65 20 65 |sed on p|rivate e|
|00004eb0| 6e 74 65 72 70 72 69 73 | 65 2e 20 54 68 65 20 67 |nterpris|e. The g|
|00004ec0| 6f 76 65 72 6e 6d 65 6e | 74 20 6d 61 6b 65 73 20 |overnmen|t makes |
|00004ed0| 69 74 73 20 70 72 65 73 | 65 6e 63 65 20 66 65 6c |its pres|ence fel|
|00004ee0| 74 2c 20 68 6f 77 65 76 | 65 72 2c 20 74 68 72 6f |t, howev|er, thro|
|00004ef0| 75 67 68 20 6d 61 6e 79 | 20 72 65 67 75 6c 61 74 |ugh many| regulat|
|00004f00| 69 6f 6e 73 2c 20 70 65 | 72 6d 69 74 20 72 65 71 |ions, pe|rmit req|
|00004f10| 75 69 72 65 6d 65 6e 74 | 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 77 |uirement|s, and w|
|00004f20| 65 6c 66 61 72 65 20 70 | 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 65 |elfare p|rogramme|
|00004f30| 73 20 61 66 66 65 63 74 | 69 6e 67 20 6d 6f 73 74 |s affect|ing most|
|00004f40| 20 61 73 70 65 63 74 73 | 20 6f 66 20 65 63 6f 6e | aspects| of econ|
|00004f50| 6f 6d 69 63 20 61 63 74 | 69 76 69 74 79 2e 20 54 |omic act|ivity. T|
|00004f60| 68 65 20 74 72 61 64 65 | 20 61 6e 64 20 66 69 6e |he trade| and fin|
|00004f70| 61 6e 63 69 61 6c 20 73 | 65 72 76 69 63 65 73 20 |ancial s|ervices |
|00004f80| 73 65 63 74 6f 72 20 63 | 6f 6e 74 72 69 62 75 74 |sector c|ontribut|
|00004f90| 65 73 20 6f 76 65 72 20 | 35 30 25 20 6f 66 20 47 |es over |50% of G|
|00004fa0| 44 50 2e 20 49 6e 64 75 | 73 74 72 69 61 6c 20 61 |DP. Indu|strial a|
|00004fb0| 63 74 69 76 69 74 79 20 | 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 73 |ctivity |provides|
|00004fc0| 20 61 62 6f 75 74 20 32 | 35 25 20 6f 66 20 47 44 | about 2|5% of GD|
|00004fd0| 50 20 61 6e 64 20 69 73 | 20 6c 65 64 20 62 79 20 |P and is| led by |
|00004fe0| 74 68 65 20 66 6f 6f 64 | 2d 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 |the food|-process|
|00004ff0| 69 6e 67 2c 20 6f 69 6c | 2d 72 65 66 69 6e 69 6e |ing, oil|-refinin|
|00005000| 67 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 6d | 65 74 61 6c 77 6f 72 6b |g, and m|etalwork|
|00005010| 69 6e 67 20 69 6e 64 75 | 73 74 72 69 65 73 2e 20 |ing indu|stries. |
|00005020| 54 68 65 20 68 69 67 68 | 6c 79 20 6d 65 63 68 61 |The high|ly mecha|
|00005030| 6e 69 73 65 64 20 61 67 | 72 69 63 75 6c 74 75 72 |nised ag|ricultur|
|00005040| 61 6c 20 73 65 63 74 6f | 72 20 65 6d 70 6c 6f 79 |al secto|r employ|
|00005050| 73 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 35 | 25 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |s only 5|% of the|
|00005060| 20 6c 61 62 6f 75 72 20 | 66 6f 72 63 65 2c 20 62 | labour |force, b|
|00005070| 75 74 20 70 72 6f 76 69 | 64 65 73 20 6c 61 72 67 |ut provi|des larg|
|00005080| 65 20 73 75 72 70 6c 75 | 73 65 73 20 66 6f 72 20 |e surplu|ses for |
|00005090| 65 78 70 6f 72 74 20 61 | 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 64 |export a|nd the d|
|000050a0| 6f 6d 65 73 74 69 63 20 | 66 6f 6f 64 2d 70 72 6f |omestic |food-pro|
|000050b0| 63 65 73 73 69 6e 67 20 | 69 6e 64 75 73 74 72 79 |cessing |industry|
|000050c0| 2e 20 41 6e 20 75 6e 65 | 6d 70 6c 6f 79 6d 65 6e |. An une|mploymen|
|000050d0| 74 20 72 61 74 65 20 6f | 66 20 6f 76 65 72 20 37 |t rate o|f over 7|
|000050e0| 25 20 61 6e 64 20 61 20 | 73 69 7a 65 61 62 6c 65 |% and a |sizeable|
|000050f0| 20 62 75 64 67 65 74 20 | 64 65 66 69 63 69 74 20 | budget |deficit |
|00005100| 61 72 65 20 74 68 65 20 | 6d 6f 73 74 20 73 65 72 |are the |most ser|
|00005110| 69 6f 75 73 20 65 63 6f | 6e 6f 6d 69 63 20 70 72 |ious eco|nomic pr|
|00005120| 6f 62 6c 65 6d 73 2e 0a | 00 01 00 34 30 31 2e 38 |oblems..|...401.8|
|00005130| 33 00 01 00 54 68 65 20 | 4e 65 74 68 65 72 6c 61 |3...The |Netherla|
|00005140| 6e 64 73 2c 20 41 72 75 | 62 61 20 61 6e 64 20 74 |nds, Aru|ba and t|
|00005150| 68 65 20 4e 65 74 68 65 | 72 6c 61 6e 64 73 20 41 |he Nethe|rlands A|
|00005160| 6e 74 69 6c 6c 65 73 20 | 61 72 65 20 69 6e 64 65 |ntilles |are inde|
|00005170| 70 65 6e 64 65 6e 74 2c | 20 73 65 6c 66 2d 73 74 |pendent,| self-st|
|00005180| 61 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 72 | 65 67 69 6f 6e 73 20 77 |anding r|egions w|
|00005190| 68 69 63 68 20 63 68 6f | 6f 73 65 20 74 6f 20 75 |hich cho|ose to u|
|000051a0| 6e 69 74 65 20 61 73 20 | 27 74 68 65 20 4b 69 6e |nite as |'the Kin|
|000051b0| 67 64 6f 6d 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 4e 65 74 68 |gdom of |the Neth|
|000051c0| 65 72 6c 61 6e 64 73 27 | 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 |erlands'| for the|
|000051d0| 69 72 20 6d 75 74 75 61 | 6c 20 69 6e 74 65 72 65 |ir mutua|l intere|
|000051e0| 73 74 2e 20 54 68 69 73 | 20 75 6e 64 65 72 73 74 |st. This| underst|
|000051f0| 61 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 69 | 73 20 65 6e 73 68 72 69 |anding i|s enshri|
|00005200| 6e 65 64 20 69 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 53 74 61 74 75 |ned in t|he Statu|
|00005210| 74 65 20 6f 66 20 44 65 | 63 65 6d 62 65 72 20 31 |te of De|cember 1|
|00005220| 39 35 34 2c 20 77 68 69 | 63 68 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 |954, whi|ch also |
|00005230| 64 65 63 6c 61 72 65 73 | 20 74 68 65 20 4e 65 74 |declares| the Net|
|00005240| 68 65 72 6c 61 6e 64 73 | 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 61 |herlands| to be a|
|00005250| 20 68 65 72 65 64 69 74 | 61 72 79 20 6d 6f 6e 61 | heredit|ary mona|
|00005260| 72 63 68 69 61 6c 20 73 | 74 61 74 65 2e 20 41 20 |rchial s|tate. A |
|00005270| 72 65 67 65 6e 74 20 69 | 73 20 65 6e 74 72 75 73 |regent i|s entrus|
|00005280| 74 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 | 20 70 6f 77 65 72 20 69 |ted with| power i|
|00005290| 66 20 74 68 65 20 64 65 | 73 69 67 6e 61 74 65 64 |f the de|signated|
|000052a0| 20 6d 6f 6e 61 72 63 68 | 20 69 73 20 75 6e 64 65 | monarch| is unde|
|000052b0| 72 20 31 38 20 79 65 61 | 72 73 20 6f 6c 64 2e 20 |r 18 yea|rs old. |
|000052c0| 54 68 65 20 6d 6f 6e 61 | 72 63 68 20 70 72 65 73 |The mona|rch pres|
|000052d0| 69 64 65 73 20 6f 76 65 | 72 20 61 20 32 38 2d 6d |ides ove|r a 28-m|
|000052e0| 65 6d 62 65 72 20 63 6f | 75 6e 63 69 6c 20 6f 66 |ember co|uncil of|
|000052f0| 20 73 74 61 74 65 2c 20 | 74 68 65 20 52 61 61 64 | state, |the Raad|
|00005300| 20 76 61 6e 20 53 74 61 | 74 65 2c 20 62 75 74 20 | van Sta|te, but |
|00005310| 69 74 73 20 65 76 65 72 | 79 64 61 79 20 61 64 6d |its ever|yday adm|
|00005320| 69 6e 69 73 74 72 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 6c 69 65 73 |inistrat|ion lies|
|00005330| 20 75 6e 64 65 72 20 74 | 68 65 20 6a 75 72 69 73 | under t|he juris|
|00005340| 64 69 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 76 |diction |of the v|
|00005350| 69 63 65 2d 70 72 65 73 | 69 64 65 6e 74 2e 20 54 |ice-pres|ident. T|
|00005360| 68 65 20 4e 65 74 68 65 | 72 6c 61 6e 64 73 20 61 |he Nethe|rlands a|
|00005370| 6c 73 6f 20 68 61 76 65 | 20 61 20 70 61 72 6c 69 |lso have| a parli|
|00005380| 61 6d 65 6e 74 20 63 61 | 6c 6c 65 64 20 74 68 65 |ament ca|lled the|
|00005390| 20 53 74 61 74 65 6e 2d | 47 65 6e 65 72 61 61 6c | Staten-|Generaal|
|000053a0| 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 | 68 61 73 20 61 20 37 35 |, which |has a 75|
|000053b0| 2d 6d 65 6d 62 65 72 20 | 75 70 70 65 72 20 63 68 |-member |upper ch|
|000053c0| 61 6d 62 65 72 20 61 6e | 64 20 61 20 31 35 30 2d |amber an|d a 150-|
|000053d0| 6d 65 6d 62 65 72 20 6c | 6f 77 65 72 20 63 68 61 |member l|ower cha|
|000053e0| 6d 62 65 72 2c 20 74 68 | 65 20 6c 61 74 74 65 72 |mber, th|e latter|
|000053f0| 20 62 65 69 6e 67 20 65 | 6c 65 63 74 65 64 20 62 | being e|lected b|
|00005400| 79 20 74 68 65 20 70 65 | 6f 70 6c 65 20 74 68 72 |y the pe|ople thr|
|00005410| 6f 75 67 68 20 70 72 6f | 70 6f 72 74 69 6f 6e 61 |ough pro|portiona|
|00005420| 6c 20 72 65 70 72 65 73 | 65 6e 74 61 74 69 6f 6e |l repres|entation|
|00005430| 2e 0a 00 03 00 4e 61 74 | 75 72 61 6c 20 67 61 73 |.....Nat|ural gas|
|00005440| 00 43 72 75 64 65 20 6f | 69 6c 00 46 65 72 74 69 |.Crude o|il.Ferti|
|00005450| 6c 65 20 73 6f 69 6c 00 | 01 00 33 37 33 35 30 00 |le soil.|..37350.|
|00005460| 01 00 73 71 20 6b 6d 00 | 52 45 43 44 55 10 00 00 |..sq km.|RECDU...|
|00005470| 00 00 59 00 00 00 62 00 | 00 00 a4 00 00 00 a6 00 |..Y...b.|........|
|00005480| 00 00 b0 00 00 00 bb 00 | 00 00 cb 00 00 00 cd 00 |........|........|
|00005490| 00 00 94 0a 00 00 9e 0a | 00 00 a5 0a 00 00 bd 0a |........|........|
|000054a0| 00 00 c7 0a 00 00 dc 0a | 00 00 45 0e 00 00 4e 0e |........|..E...N.|
|000054b0| 00 00 32 10 00 00 45 10 | 00 00 4d 10 00 00 01 00 |..2...E.|..M.....|
|000054c0| 44 41 54 41 49 4e 46 4f | 00 44 41 54 41 49 4e 46 |DATAINFO|.DATAINF|
|000054d0| 4f 00 04 00 4f 76 65 72 | 76 69 65 77 2c 4f 56 45 |O...Over|view,OVE|
|000054e0| 52 56 49 45 57 00 48 69 | 73 74 6f 72 79 2c 48 49 |RVIEW.Hi|story,HI|
|000054f0| 53 54 4f 52 59 00 45 63 | 6f 6e 6f 6d 79 2c 45 43 |STORY.Ec|onomy,EC|
|00005500| 4f 4e 4f 4d 59 00 50 65 | 6f 70 6c 65 2c 50 45 4f |ONOMY.Pe|ople,PEO|
|00005510| 50 4c 45 00 00 00 01 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 40 40 |PLE.....|......@@|
|00005520| 01 00 42 72 75 73 73 65 | 6c 73 00 01 00 42 65 6c |..Brusse|ls...Bel|
|00005530| 67 69 61 6e 20 46 72 61 | 6e 63 00 00 00 03 00 42 |gian Fra|nc.....B|
|00005540| 79 20 74 68 65 20 31 31 | 74 68 20 63 65 6e 74 75 |y the 11|th centu|
|00005550| 72 79 20 66 65 75 64 61 | 6c 20 73 74 61 74 65 73 |ry feuda|l states|
|00005560| 20 68 61 64 20 65 6d 65 | 72 67 65 64 20 69 6e 20 | had eme|rged in |
|00005570| 74 68 65 20 4c 6f 77 20 | 43 6f 75 6e 74 72 69 65 |the Low |Countrie|
|00005580| 73 3a 20 74 68 65 20 63 | 6f 75 6e 74 69 65 73 20 |s: the c|ounties |
|00005590| 6f 66 20 46 6c 61 6e 64 | 65 72 73 2c 20 48 61 69 |of Fland|ers, Hai|
|000055a0| 6e 61 75 6c 74 20 61 6e | 64 20 4e 61 6d 75 72 2c |nault an|d Namur,|
|000055b0| 20 74 68 65 20 64 75 63 | 68 69 65 73 20 6f 66 20 | the duc|hies of |
|000055c0| 42 72 61 62 61 6e 74 2c | 20 4c 69 6d 62 75 72 67 |Brabant,| Limburg|
|000055d0| 20 61 6e 64 20 4c 75 78 | 65 6d 62 6f 75 72 67 2c | and Lux|embourg,|
|000055e0| 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 | 20 62 69 73 68 6f 70 72 | and the| bishopr|
|000055f0| 69 63 20 6f 66 20 4c 69 | e8 67 65 2e 20 4f 76 65 |ic of Li|.ge. Ove|
|00005600| 72 20 74 68 65 20 6e 65 | 78 74 20 74 68 72 65 65 |r the ne|xt three|
|00005610| 20 63 65 6e 74 75 72 69 | 65 73 2c 20 77 68 69 6c | centuri|es, whil|
|00005620| 73 74 20 66 69 67 68 74 | 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 |st fight|ing the |
|00005630| 6f 74 68 65 72 20 73 74 | 61 74 65 73 20 73 69 6d |other st|ates sim|
|00005640| 75 6c 74 61 6e 65 6f 75 | 73 6c 79 2c 20 46 6c 61 |ultaneou|sly, Fla|
|00005650| 6e 64 65 72 73 20 77 61 | 73 20 64 72 61 77 6e 20 |nders wa|s drawn |
|00005660| 69 6e 74 6f 20 77 61 72 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 46 72 |into war| with Fr|
|00005670| 61 6e 63 65 20 28 74 68 | 65 20 42 61 74 74 6c 65 |ance (th|e Battle|
|00005680| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 47 6f 6c 64 65 6e 20 53 | of the |Golden S|
|00005690| 70 75 72 73 29 20 74 6f | 20 70 72 6f 74 65 63 74 |purs) to| protect|
|000056a0| 20 69 74 73 20 69 6e 64 | 65 70 65 6e 64 65 6e 63 | its ind|ependenc|
|000056b0| 65 2e 20 46 72 6f 6d 20 | 31 33 38 34 2c 20 46 6c |e. From |1384, Fl|
|000056c0| 61 6e 64 65 72 73 20 61 | 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 72 |anders a|nd the r|
|000056d0| 65 73 74 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 4c 6f 77 20 43 |est of t|he Low C|
|000056e0| 6f 75 6e 74 72 69 65 73 | 20 70 61 73 73 65 64 20 |ountries| passed |
|000056f0| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 46 | 72 65 6e 63 68 20 44 75 |to the F|rench Du|
|00005700| 6b 65 73 20 6f 66 20 42 | 75 72 67 75 6e 64 79 2c |kes of B|urgundy,|
|00005710| 20 75 6e 64 65 72 20 77 | 68 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 79 | under w|hom they|
|00005720| 20 65 6e 6a 6f 79 65 64 | 20 65 63 6f 6e 6f 6d 69 | enjoyed| economi|
|00005730| 63 20 61 6e 64 20 63 75 | 6c 74 75 72 61 6c 20 70 |c and cu|ltural p|
|00005740| 72 6f 73 70 65 72 69 74 | 79 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 66 |rosperit|y, and f|
|00005750| 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 72 | 65 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 |rom ther|e to the|
|00005760| 20 48 61 62 73 62 75 72 | 67 20 64 79 6e 61 73 74 | Habsbur|g dynast|
|00005770| 79 2e 20 57 69 74 68 20 | 74 68 65 20 64 69 76 69 |y. With |the divi|
|00005780| 73 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 48 61 62 73 |sion of |the Habs|
|00005790| 62 75 72 67 20 65 6d 70 | 69 72 65 20 69 6e 74 6f |burg emp|ire into|
|000057a0| 20 41 75 73 74 72 69 61 | 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 53 70 | Austria|n and Sp|
|000057b0| 61 6e 69 73 68 20 6c 69 | 6e 65 73 2c 20 74 68 65 |anish li|nes, the|
|000057c0| 20 4c 6f 77 20 43 6f 75 | 6e 74 72 69 65 73 20 62 | Low Cou|ntries b|
|000057d0| 65 63 61 6d 65 20 61 20 | 70 72 6f 76 69 6e 63 65 |ecame a |province|
|000057e0| 20 6f 66 20 53 70 61 69 | 6e 2e 20 49 6e 20 31 35 | of Spai|n. In 15|
|000057f0| 36 38 2c 20 61 20 67 72 | 65 61 74 20 72 65 76 6f |68, a gr|eat revo|
|00005800| 6c 74 20 61 67 61 69 6e | 73 74 20 43 61 74 68 6f |lt again|st Catho|
|00005810| 6c 69 63 20 53 70 61 6e | 69 73 68 20 72 75 6c 65 |lic Span|ish rule|
|00005820| 20 69 6e 69 74 69 61 74 | 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 45 | initiat|ed the E|
|00005830| 69 67 68 74 79 20 59 65 | 61 72 73 27 20 57 61 72 |ighty Ye|ars' War|
|00005840| 2e 20 49 6e 20 31 35 38 | 31 2c 20 74 68 65 20 73 |. In 158|1, the s|
|00005850| 65 76 65 6e 20 6e 6f 72 | 74 68 65 72 6e 20 70 72 |even nor|thern pr|
|00005860| 6f 76 69 6e 63 65 73 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 4c |ovinces |of the L|
|00005870| 6f 77 20 43 6f 75 6e 74 | 72 69 65 73 20 64 65 63 |ow Count|ries dec|
|00005880| 6c 61 72 65 64 20 74 68 | 65 69 72 20 69 6e 64 65 |lared th|eir inde|
|00005890| 70 65 6e 64 65 6e 63 65 | 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 53 70 |pendence| from Sp|
|000058a0| 61 69 6e 20 62 79 20 75 | 6e 69 74 69 6e 67 20 61 |ain by u|niting a|
|000058b0| 73 20 74 68 65 20 4e 65 | 74 68 65 72 6c 61 6e 64 |s the Ne|therland|
|000058c0| 73 2c 20 77 68 69 6c 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 74 65 6e |s, while| the ten|
|000058d0| 20 73 6f 75 74 68 65 72 | 6e 20 70 72 6f 76 69 6e | souther|n provin|
|000058e0| 63 65 73 20 28 70 72 65 | 73 65 6e 74 2d 64 61 79 |ces (pre|sent-day|
|000058f0| 20 42 65 6c 67 69 75 6d | 29 20 72 65 6d 61 69 6e | Belgium|) remain|
|00005900| 65 64 20 75 6e 64 65 72 | 20 53 70 61 6e 69 73 68 |ed under| Spanish|
|00005910| 20 72 75 6c 65 2e 20 54 | 68 69 73 20 64 69 76 69 | rule. T|his divi|
|00005920| 73 69 6f 6e 20 77 61 73 | 20 6c 61 74 65 72 20 63 |sion was| later c|
|00005930| 6f 6e 63 65 64 65 64 20 | 62 79 20 53 70 61 69 6e |onceded |by Spain|
|00005940| 20 28 31 36 30 39 29 2c | 20 61 6e 64 20 63 6f 6e | (1609),| and con|
|00005950| 66 69 72 6d 65 64 20 62 | 79 20 74 68 65 20 50 65 |firmed b|y the Pe|
|00005960| 61 63 65 20 6f 66 20 57 | 65 73 74 70 68 61 6c 69 |ace of W|estphali|
|00005970| 61 20 28 31 36 34 38 29 | 2e 20 48 6f 77 65 76 65 |a (1648)|. Howeve|
|00005980| 72 20 74 68 65 20 54 72 | 65 61 74 79 20 6f 66 20 |r the Tr|eaty of |
|00005990| 55 74 72 65 63 68 74 20 | 28 31 37 31 33 29 20 73 |Utrecht |(1713) s|
|000059a0| 61 77 20 74 68 65 20 72 | 65 6d 61 69 6e 64 65 72 |aw the r|emainder|
|000059b0| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 4c 6f 77 20 43 6f 75 6e | of the |Low Coun|
|000059c0| 74 72 69 65 73 20 70 61 | 73 73 20 74 6f 20 41 75 |tries pa|ss to Au|
|000059d0| 73 74 72 69 61 2e 0a 00 | 4e 61 70 6f 6c 65 6f 6e |stria...|Napoleon|
|000059e0| 69 63 20 46 72 61 6e 63 | 65 20 66 69 6e 61 6c 6c |ic Franc|e finall|
|000059f0| 79 20 65 6e 64 65 64 20 | 41 75 73 74 72 69 61 6e |y ended |Austrian|
|00005a00| 20 72 75 6c 65 20 69 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 4c 6f 77 | rule in| the Low|
|00005a10| 20 43 6f 75 6e 74 72 69 | 65 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | Countri|es, and |
|00005a20| 74 68 65 79 20 77 65 72 | 65 20 61 62 73 6f 72 62 |they wer|e absorb|
|00005a30| 65 64 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 | 46 72 61 6e 63 65 2e 20 |ed into |France. |
|00005a40| 57 68 65 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 46 72 65 6e 63 68 20 |When the| French |
|00005a50| 77 65 72 65 20 66 69 6e | 61 6c 6c 79 20 64 65 66 |were fin|ally def|
|00005a60| 65 61 74 65 64 2c 20 74 | 68 65 20 43 6f 6e 67 72 |eated, t|he Congr|
|00005a70| 65 73 73 20 6f 66 20 56 | 69 65 6e 6e 61 20 28 31 |ess of V|ienna (1|
|00005a80| 38 31 34 2d 31 35 29 20 | 72 65 75 6e 69 74 65 64 |814-15) |reunited|
|00005a90| 20 74 68 65 20 61 72 65 | 61 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 | the are|as that |
|00005aa0| 61 72 65 20 6e 6f 77 20 | 42 65 6c 67 69 75 6d 20 |are now |Belgium |
|00005ab0| 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 | 4e 65 74 68 65 72 6c 61 |and the |Netherla|
|00005ac0| 6e 64 73 2e 20 54 68 65 | 20 73 6f 2d 63 61 6c 6c |nds. The| so-call|
|00005ad0| 65 64 20 55 6e 69 74 65 | 64 20 4b 69 6e 67 64 6f |ed Unite|d Kingdo|
|00005ae0| 6d 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 20 4e 65 74 68 65 72 6c |m of the| Netherl|
|00005af0| 61 6e 64 73 20 77 61 73 | 20 61 6e 20 75 6e 65 61 |ands was| an unea|
|00005b00| 73 79 20 75 6e 69 6f 6e | 2c 20 72 65 75 6e 69 74 |sy union|, reunit|
|00005b10| 69 6e 67 20 64 69 73 70 | 61 72 61 74 65 20 63 6f |ing disp|arate co|
|00005b20| 75 6e 74 72 69 65 73 20 | 61 6e 64 2c 20 69 6e 20 |untries |and, in |
|00005b30| 31 38 33 30 2c 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 6f 75 74 68 65 |1830, th|e southe|
|00005b40| 72 6e 20 70 72 6f 76 69 | 6e 63 65 73 20 70 72 6f |rn provi|nces pro|
|00005b50| 63 6c 61 69 6d 65 64 20 | 74 68 65 69 72 20 69 6e |claimed |their in|
|00005b60| 64 65 70 65 6e 64 65 6e | 63 65 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 |dependen|ce from |
|00005b70| 74 68 65 20 44 75 74 63 | 68 2e 20 54 68 65 20 54 |the Dutc|h. The T|
|00005b80| 72 65 61 74 79 20 6f 66 | 20 4c 6f 6e 64 6f 6e 20 |reaty of| London |
|00005b90| 28 31 38 33 39 29 20 72 | 65 63 6f 67 6e 69 73 65 |(1839) r|ecognise|
|00005ba0| 64 20 42 65 6c 67 69 75 | 6d 27 73 20 69 6e 64 65 |d Belgiu|m's inde|
|00005bb0| 70 65 6e 64 65 6e 63 65 | 20 61 6e 64 20 70 65 72 |pendence| and per|
|00005bc0| 70 65 74 75 61 6c 20 6e | 65 75 74 72 61 6c 69 74 |petual n|eutralit|
|00005bd0| 79 2e 20 41 6c 74 68 6f | 75 67 68 20 47 65 72 6d |y. Altho|ugh Germ|
|00005be0| 61 6e 79 20 77 61 73 20 | 70 61 72 74 79 20 74 6f |any was |party to|
|00005bf0| 20 74 68 69 73 20 74 72 | 65 61 74 79 2c 20 69 74 | this tr|eaty, it|
|00005c00| 20 77 61 73 20 47 65 72 | 6d 61 6e 79 27 73 20 69 | was Ger|many's i|
|00005c10| 6e 76 61 73 69 6f 6e 20 | 61 6e 64 20 76 69 6f 6c |nvasion |and viol|
|00005c20| 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 61 67 72 |ation of| the agr|
|00005c30| 65 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 77 | 68 69 63 68 20 66 6f 72 |eement w|hich for|
|00005c40| 63 65 64 20 42 72 69 74 | 61 69 6e 20 74 6f 20 62 |ced Brit|ain to b|
|00005c50| 65 63 6f 6d 65 20 69 6e | 76 6f 6c 76 65 64 20 69 |ecome in|volved i|
|00005c60| 6e 20 57 6f 72 6c 64 20 | 57 61 72 20 49 2e 20 44 |n World |War I. D|
|00005c70| 75 72 69 6e 67 20 74 68 | 65 20 31 39 74 68 20 63 |uring th|e 19th c|
|00005c80| 65 6e 74 75 72 79 2c 20 | 42 65 6c 67 69 75 6d 20 |entury, |Belgium |
|00005c90| 65 78 70 65 72 69 65 6e | 63 65 64 20 72 61 70 69 |experien|ced rapi|
|00005ca0| 64 20 69 6e 64 75 73 74 | 72 69 61 6c 69 73 61 74 |d indust|rialisat|
|00005cb0| 69 6f 6e 20 61 6e 64 2c | 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |ion and,| on the |
|00005cc0| 62 61 73 69 73 20 6f 66 | 20 61 20 73 74 72 6f 6e |basis of| a stron|
|00005cd0| 67 20 65 63 6f 6e 6f 6d | 79 2c 20 61 63 71 75 69 |g econom|y, acqui|
|00005ce0| 72 65 64 20 61 6e 20 65 | 6d 70 69 72 65 20 69 6e |red an e|mpire in|
|00005cf0| 20 65 71 75 61 74 6f 72 | 69 61 6c 20 41 66 72 69 | equator|ial Afri|
|00005d00| 63 61 2e 0a 00 46 6f 6c | 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 64 |ca...Fol|lowing d|
|00005d10| 6f 6d 69 6e 61 74 69 6f | 6e 20 62 79 20 47 65 72 |ominatio|n by Ger|
|00005d20| 6d 61 6e 79 20 64 75 72 | 69 6e 67 20 62 6f 74 68 |many dur|ing both|
|00005d30| 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 20 77 | 61 72 73 2c 20 42 65 6c | world w|ars, Bel|
|00005d40| 67 69 75 6d 20 61 67 61 | 69 6e 20 67 72 65 77 20 |gium aga|in grew |
|00005d50| 65 63 6f 6e 6f 6d 69 63 | 61 6c 6c 79 2c 20 6a 6f |economic|ally, jo|
|00005d60| 69 6e 69 6e 67 20 74 68 | 65 20 42 65 6e 65 6c 75 |ining th|e Benelu|
|00005d70| 78 20 65 63 6f 6e 6f 6d | 69 63 20 75 6e 69 6f 6e |x econom|ic union|
|00005d80| 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 | 65 20 4e 65 74 68 65 72 | with th|e Nether|
|00005d90| 6c 61 6e 64 73 20 61 6e | 64 20 4c 75 78 65 6d 62 |lands an|d Luxemb|
|00005da0| 6f 75 72 67 20 69 6e 20 | 31 39 34 38 2e 20 49 74 |ourg in |1948. It|
|00005db0| 20 68 61 73 20 73 69 6e | 63 65 20 62 65 65 6e 20 | has sin|ce been |
|00005dc0| 61 20 6d 61 6a 6f 72 20 | 66 6f 72 63 65 20 66 6f |a major |force fo|
|00005dd0| 72 20 69 6e 74 65 72 6e | 61 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 |r intern|ational |
|00005de0| 63 6f 2d 6f 70 65 72 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 |co-opera|tion in |
|00005df0| 45 75 72 6f 70 65 3a 20 | 61 20 66 6f 75 6e 64 65 |Europe: |a founde|
|00005e00| 72 20 6d 65 6d 62 65 72 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |r member| of the |
|00005e10| 43 6f 75 6e 63 69 6c 20 | 6f 66 20 45 75 72 6f 70 |Council |of Europ|
|00005e20| 65 2c 20 74 68 65 20 45 | 45 43 20 28 6e 6f 77 20 |e, the E|EC (now |
|00005e30| 74 68 65 20 45 55 29 20 | 61 6e 64 20 4e 41 54 4f |the EU) |and NATO|
|00005e40| 2e 20 49 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 31 39 38 30 73 2c 20 |. In the| 1980s, |
|00005e50| 64 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e | 63 65 73 20 62 65 74 77 |differen|ces betw|
|00005e60| 65 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 46 72 65 6e 63 68 2d 73 |een the |French-s|
|00005e70| 70 65 61 6b 69 6e 67 20 | 57 61 6c 6c 6f 6f 6e 73 |peaking |Walloons|
|00005e80| 2c 20 74 68 65 20 44 75 | 74 63 68 2d 73 70 65 61 |, the Du|tch-spea|
|00005e90| 6b 69 6e 67 20 46 6c 65 | 6d 69 73 68 20 61 6e 64 |king Fle|mish and|
|00005ea0| 20 74 68 65 20 47 65 72 | 6d 61 6e 2d 73 70 65 61 | the Ger|man-spea|
|00005eb0| 6b 69 6e 67 20 6d 69 6e | 6f 72 69 74 69 65 73 20 |king min|orities |
|00005ec0| 77 65 72 65 20 6d 61 6a | 6f 72 20 69 73 73 75 65 |were maj|or issue|
|00005ed0| 73 2e 20 52 65 63 65 6e | 74 20 67 6f 76 65 72 6e |s. Recen|t govern|
|00005ee0| 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 68 61 | 76 65 20 62 65 65 6e 20 |ments ha|ve been |
|00005ef0| 72 75 6e 20 62 79 20 63 | 6f 61 6c 69 74 69 6f 6e |run by c|oalition|
|00005f00| 73 2e 0a 00 01 00 39 39 | 38 37 30 30 30 00 01 00 |s.....99|87000...|
|00005f10| 31 39 39 32 00 03 00 46 | 6c 65 6d 69 73 68 00 46 |1992...F|lemish.F|
|00005f20| 72 65 6e 63 68 00 47 65 | 72 6d 61 6e 00 01 00 42 |rench.Ge|rman...B|
|00005f30| 65 6c 67 69 75 6d 00 01 | 00 4b 69 6e 67 64 6f 6d |elgium..|.Kingdom|
|00005f40| 20 6f 66 20 42 65 6c 67 | 69 75 6d 00 01 00 54 68 | of Belg|ium...Th|
|00005f50| 69 73 20 73 6d 61 6c 6c | 20 70 72 69 76 61 74 65 |is small| private|
|00005f60| 20 65 6e 74 65 72 70 72 | 69 73 65 20 65 63 6f 6e | enterpr|ise econ|
|00005f70| 6f 6d 79 20 68 61 73 20 | 63 61 70 69 74 61 6c 69 |omy has |capitali|
|00005f80| 73 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 69 | 74 73 20 63 65 6e 74 72 |sed on i|ts centr|
|00005f90| 61 6c 20 67 65 6f 67 72 | 61 70 68 69 63 20 6c 6f |al geogr|aphic lo|
|00005fa0| 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 | 68 69 67 68 6c 79 20 64 |cation, |highly d|
|00005fb0| 65 76 65 6c 6f 70 65 64 | 20 74 72 61 6e 73 70 6f |eveloped| transpo|
|00005fc0| 72 74 20 6e 65 74 77 6f | 72 6b 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |rt netwo|rk, and |
|00005fd0| 64 69 76 65 72 73 69 66 | 69 65 64 20 69 6e 64 75 |diversif|ied indu|
|00005fe0| 73 74 72 69 61 6c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 63 6f 6d 6d 65 |strial a|nd comme|
|00005ff0| 72 63 69 61 6c 20 62 61 | 73 65 2e 20 49 6e 64 75 |rcial ba|se. Indu|
|00006000| 73 74 72 79 20 69 73 20 | 63 6f 6e 63 65 6e 74 72 |stry is |concentr|
|00006010| 61 74 65 64 20 6d 61 69 | 6e 6c 79 20 69 6e 20 74 |ated mai|nly in t|
|00006020| 68 65 20 70 6f 70 75 6c | 6f 75 73 20 46 6c 65 6d |he popul|ous Flem|
|00006030| 69 73 68 20 61 72 65 61 | 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |ish area| in the |
|00006040| 6e 6f 72 74 68 2c 20 61 | 6c 74 68 6f 75 67 68 20 |north, a|lthough |
|00006050| 74 68 65 20 67 6f 76 65 | 72 6e 6d 65 6e 74 20 69 |the gove|rnment i|
|00006060| 73 20 65 6e 63 6f 75 72 | 61 67 69 6e 67 20 69 6e |s encour|aging in|
|00006070| 76 65 73 74 6d 65 6e 74 | 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |vestment| in the |
|00006080| 73 6f 75 74 68 65 72 6e | 20 72 65 67 69 6f 6e 20 |southern| region |
|00006090| 6f 66 20 57 61 6c 6c 6f | 6f 6e 2e 20 57 69 74 68 |of Wallo|on. With|
|000060a0| 20 66 65 77 20 6e 61 74 | 75 72 61 6c 20 72 65 73 | few nat|ural res|
|000060b0| 6f 75 72 63 65 73 2c 20 | 42 65 6c 67 69 75 6d 20 |ources, |Belgium |
|000060c0| 6d 75 73 74 20 69 6d 70 | 6f 72 74 20 65 73 73 65 |must imp|ort esse|
|000060d0| 6e 74 69 61 6c 20 72 61 | 77 20 6d 61 74 65 72 69 |ntial ra|w materi|
|000060e0| 61 6c 73 2c 20 6d 61 6b | 69 6e 67 20 69 74 73 20 |als, mak|ing its |
|000060f0| 65 63 6f 6e 6f 6d 79 20 | 63 6c 6f 73 65 6c 79 20 |economy |closely |
|00006100| 64 65 70 65 6e 64 65 6e | 74 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 |dependen|t on the|
|00006110| 20 73 74 61 74 65 20 6f | 66 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 20 | state o|f world |
|00006120| 6d 61 72 6b 65 74 73 2e | 20 4f 76 65 72 20 37 30 |markets.| Over 70|
|00006130| 25 20 6f 66 20 74 72 61 | 64 65 20 69 73 20 77 69 |% of tra|de is wi|
|00006140| 74 68 20 6f 74 68 65 72 | 20 45 43 20 28 6e 6f 77 |th other| EC (now|
|00006150| 20 45 55 29 20 63 6f 75 | 6e 74 72 69 65 73 2e 20 | EU) cou|ntries. |
|00006160| 44 75 72 69 6e 67 20 74 | 68 65 20 70 65 72 69 6f |During t|he perio|
|00006170| 64 20 31 39 38 38 2d 39 | 30 2c 20 42 65 6c 67 69 |d 1988-9|0, Belgi|
|00006180| 75 6d 27 73 20 65 63 6f | 6e 6f 6d 69 63 20 70 65 |um's eco|nomic pe|
|00006190| 72 66 6f 72 6d 61 6e 63 | 65 20 77 61 73 20 6d 61 |rformanc|e was ma|
|000061a0| 72 6b 65 64 20 62 79 20 | 34 25 20 61 76 65 72 61 |rked by |4% avera|
|000061b0| 67 65 20 67 72 6f 77 74 | 68 2c 20 6d 6f 64 65 72 |ge growt|h, moder|
|000061c0| 61 74 65 20 69 6e 66 6c | 61 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 61 |ate infl|ation, a|
|000061d0| 6e 64 20 61 20 73 75 62 | 73 74 61 6e 74 69 61 6c |nd a sub|stantial|
|000061e0| 20 65 78 74 65 72 6e 61 | 6c 20 73 75 72 70 6c 75 | externa|l surplu|
|000061f0| 73 2c 20 74 68 6f 75 67 | 68 20 69 74 20 68 61 73 |s, thoug|h it has|
|00006200| 20 62 65 65 6e 20 68 69 | 74 20 62 79 20 72 65 63 | been hi|t by rec|
|00006210| 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 |ession w|ith the |
|00006220| 65 63 6f 6e 6f 6d 79 20 | 73 68 72 69 6e 6b 69 6e |economy |shrinkin|
|00006230| 67 20 62 79 20 31 2e 33 | 25 20 69 6e 20 31 39 39 |g by 1.3|% in 199|
|00006240| 33 2e 20 42 65 6c 67 69 | 75 6d 27 73 20 6d 61 69 |3. Belgi|um's mai|
|00006250| 6e 20 65 63 6f 6e 6f 6d | 69 63 20 70 72 6f 62 6c |n econom|ic probl|
|00006260| 65 6d 20 69 73 20 69 74 | 73 20 68 75 67 65 20 67 |em is it|s huge g|
|00006270| 6f 76 65 72 6e 6d 65 6e | 74 20 64 65 62 74 2c 20 |overnmen|t debt, |
|00006280| 77 68 69 63 68 20 69 73 | 20 74 68 65 20 6c 61 72 |which is| the lar|
|00006290| 67 65 73 74 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 45 55 20 61 |gest in |the EU a|
|000062a0| 74 20 6f 76 65 72 20 31 | 32 30 25 20 6f 66 20 47 |t over 1|20% of G|
|000062b0| 44 50 2e 0a 00 01 00 33 | 32 37 2e 32 33 00 01 00 |DP.....3|27.23...|
|000062c0| 42 65 6c 67 69 75 6d 20 | 68 61 73 20 64 65 66 69 |Belgium |has defi|
|000062d0| 6e 65 64 20 69 74 73 65 | 6c 66 20 61 73 20 61 20 |ned itse|lf as a |
|000062e0| 68 65 72 65 64 69 74 61 | 72 79 20 6d 6f 6e 61 72 |heredita|ry monar|
|000062f0| 63 68 79 20 73 69 6e 63 | 65 20 31 38 33 31 2c 20 |chy sinc|e 1831, |
|00006300| 68 6f 77 65 76 65 72 20 | 65 61 63 68 20 72 6f 79 |however |each roy|
|00006310| 61 6c 20 65 64 69 63 74 | 20 6d 75 73 74 20 62 65 |al edict| must be|
|00006320| 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 62 65 | 20 61 63 63 6f 6d 70 61 | also be| accompa|
|00006330| 6e 69 65 64 20 62 79 20 | 74 68 65 20 73 69 67 6e |nied by |the sign|
|00006340| 61 74 75 72 65 20 6f 66 | 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 |ature of| one of |
|00006350| 74 68 65 20 6d 69 6e 69 | 73 74 65 72 73 20 66 6f |the mini|sters fo|
|00006360| 72 20 69 74 20 74 6f 20 | 74 61 6b 65 20 65 66 66 |r it to |take eff|
|00006370| 65 63 74 20 61 73 20 6c | 61 77 2e 20 54 68 75 73 |ect as l|aw. Thus|
|00006380| 20 70 6f 77 65 72 20 69 | 73 20 64 69 76 69 64 65 | power i|s divide|
|00006390| 64 20 62 65 74 77 65 65 | 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6b 69 |d betwee|n the ki|
|000063a0| 6e 67 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | 53 65 6e 61 74 65 20 61 |ng, the |Senate a|
|000063b0| 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 43 | 68 61 6d 62 65 72 20 6f |nd the C|hamber o|
|000063c0| 66 20 52 65 70 72 65 73 | 65 6e 74 61 74 69 76 65 |f Repres|entative|
|000063d0| 73 2e 20 54 68 65 20 6e | 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 |s. The n|umber of|
|000063e0| 20 43 68 61 6d 62 65 72 | 20 6d 65 6d 62 65 72 73 | Chamber| members|
|000063f0| 20 69 73 20 64 65 74 65 | 72 6d 69 6e 65 64 20 62 | is dete|rmined b|
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
Only 25.0 KB of data is shown above.